The sourcing of technological knowledge: Distributed innovation processes and dynamic change

By Jeremy Howells, A. James, K. Malik. 2003

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Does external knowledge sourcing matter for innovation? Evidence from the Spanish manufacturing industry (2009, background): “In the TICS survey, firms are asked whether they had introduced a new product or process, or whether they had ongoing or abandoned innovation activities during the period 2002-2004.”
Research collaboration and R&D outsourcing: Different R&D personnel requirements in SMEs (2013, background): “…knowledge intensity , and the mounting competitive pressure for developing new products and processes, forces the R&D active company to look outside the firm’s boundaries to complement its internal R&D efforts (Chesbrough, 2003; Coombs et al., 2003; Howells et al., 2003; Huang and Rice, 2009).”
Cooperation-based innovators and peripheral cooperators: An empirical analysis of their characteristics and behavior (2010, background): “Studies have verified empirically the growing importance of cooperation for innovation (Hagedoorn, 2002; Howells et al., 2003), which has attracted the attention of both academics and policy makers.”
Appropriability mechanisms, innovation, and productivity: evidence from the UK (2014, unknown): “…Landry, and Traore (2008) confirmed these findings for Canadian firms from the knowledge intensive business sectors, but they also found that patents and secrecy tend to be complementary, in line with what has been suggested by other authors (see, for instance, Howells, James, and Malik 2003).”