Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury

By Robert T. Carter. 2007

1,286 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4be1104adc838dd43065d13baedfe45eac2ac50b

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Citations in the corpus

Co-Occurring Presenting Problems in African American College Clients Reporting Racial Discrimination Distress (2012, background): “Findings of this study are consistent with the racism-related stress model (R. T. Carter, 2007).”
Racism and Sexism as Correlates of African American Women’s Psychological Distress (2010, background): “Separate but parallel bodies of research conducted in the United States fairly consistently indicate that perceived experiences of racist events (c.f., Carter 2007; Klonoff et al. 1999; Jackson et al. 1996; Jones et al. 2007) and internalized racism (c.f., Jones et al. 2007; Szymanski and Gupta 20”
Pathways to equity in mathematics education: how life experiences impact researcher positionality (2011, background): “Often, ambiguous interactions along lines of race produce more long-term and stronger negative effects than obvious ones ( Carter, 2007; Dougall et al., 1999; Stetler, Chen & Miller, 2006).”
Racism and Ethnoviolence as Trauma: Enhancing Professional Training (2010, positive): “The perspective that traumatic responses and related symptoms may result from experiences of racism and ethnoviolence have been proposed by many scholars (e.g., Bryant-Davis & Ocampo, 2005; Butts, 2002; Carter, 2007; Comas-Diaz & Jacobsen, 2001; Loo et al., 2001; Scurfield & Mackey, 2001).”
“That’s My Number One Fear in Life. It’s the Police”: Examining Young Black Men’s Exposures to Trauma and Loss Resulting From Police Violence and Police Killings (2019, background): “…studying the effects of racist events on the mental health of people of color have used the term racial trauma (Comas-Díaz, 2016; Daniel, 2000) to encapsulate a broad category of concepts attempting to capture the stress (Harrell, 2000) and trauma (Carter, 2007) racially motivated acts can create.”
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research (2008, neutral): “Understanding how experiences of racial discrimination relate to internalized racism and combine to affect health is also important (Carter 2007).”
Seeing Race in the Research on Youth Trauma and Education: A Critical Review (2020, background): “…PTSD, characterizing soldiers’ postwar mental state van der Kolk (1994) Stress When coping and adaptation fail, one experiences stress R. T. Carter (2007) Stressors Situations, conditions, or events that may lead to trauma R. T. Carter (2007) Survival trauma Trauma from a direct or…”
The Continuing Significance of Racism in the Lives of Asian American College Students (2015, neutral): “, Cambodian and Laotian Americans) tend to have darker skin, on average, than their East Asian American peers (Carter, 2005; Helms, Nicolas, & Green, 2010).”
Racial microaggressions and psychological functioning among highly achieving African-Americans: A mixed-methods approach. (2010, background): “The relationship between perceived racial discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes among African Americans is welldocumented (Carter, 2007; Clark et al., 1999; Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003).”
Healing Requires Recognition (2007, background): “As Carter (2007) extensively explains, it is imperative for counselors to acknowledge, assess, and respond to domestic instances of race-based trauma.”
Toward a Psychological Framework of Radical Healing in Communities of Color (2020, background): “…the topic of racism, race-based stress, and mental health has received increased attention in the last few decades with several foundational articles (e.g., Carter, 2007; Helms, 2008; Thompson & Neville, 1999), which have provided a basis for facilitating professional discourse on the topic.”
SELF-REPORTED EXPERIENCES OF DISCRIMINATION AND HEALTH: SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES, ONGOING CONTROVERSIES, AND EMERGING ISSUES (2015, background): “The emotional pain of racism may also affect recall, contributing to the inability of some individuals to recall specific events (Carter 2007).”
Balancing Dangers: GLBT Experience in a Time of Anti-GLBT Legislation. (2009, background): “Also, there has been little research on the assessment and treatment of race-based trauma (Johnson, 1993), although these tools are being developed (e.g., Carter, 2007; Liang, Li, & Kim, 2004).”