The social consequences of expressive suppression.

By Emily Butler, Boris Egloff, Frank H. Wilhelm, N. C. Smith, Elizabeth A. Erickson, James J. Gross. Emotion, 2003

1,421 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b7cf3b63919bed5a48f8e9829ca942652e35c1c

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Citations in the corpus

The Importance of Being Flexible (2004, background): “…experience as control subjects, they exhibited heightened sympathetic activity (Gross, 1998a; Gross & Levenson, 1993, 1997), had poorer memory for the emotional stimuli (Richards & Gross, 2000), and engendered reduced rapport and willingness to affiliate in dyadic partners (Butler et al., 2003).”
Emotion and Emotion Regulation: Integrating Individual and Social Levels of Analysis (2009, positive): “At the social level, we have found that suppression leads to lower levels of rapport and affiliation, along with increased blood pressure for both partners in a social interaction (Butler et al., 2003; Richards, Butler, & Gross, 2003).”
We have emotions but can’t show them! Authoritarian leadership, emotion suppression climate, and team performance (2020, background): “When team members are emotionally exhausted, they lose the capacity to sense others’ emotions and have difficulty to infer others’ intentions and attitudes (e.g. Butler et al., 2003).”
Emotion Regulation: Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression in Cross-Cultural Samples (2009, background): “Expressive suppression, conversely, requires tremendous cognitive efforts (Richards and Gross 1999), is costly as it disrupts multiple aspects of social exchange ( Butler et al. 2003 ), and has been found to merely decrease the emotional expression while the experience of the negative emotion tends ”
Self-Control in School-Age Children (2014, background): “Emotional suppression also has social consequences: Suppressing emotions can increase the blood pressure of people around us and lead them to like us less than they otherwise would (Butler et al., 2003).”
Walking in each other's Shoes: Perspective Taking Mediates Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Relationship Quality (2011, background): “For example, correlative (Gross & John, 2003; Srivastava, Tamir, McGonigal, John, & Gross, 2009) as well as experimental studies (Butler et al., 2003; Richards et al., 2003) have demonstrated that suppression has negative effects on social relationships and interactions, whereas reappraisal is…”
Dissecting the Neural Mechanisms Mediating Empathy (2011, background): “A number of studies have shown that the former mode of emotional regulation (also called expressive suppression) may be particularly costly and disrupts multiple aspects of social exchange, creating stress for both the regulator and the interaction partner alike (Butler et al., 2003).”
The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. (2005, neutral): “Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. W., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003).”
Gender and Depression in Men (2008, background): “Suppression has been shown to be associated with increased stress and negative affect (Butler et al., 2003; Gross & Levenson, 1993).”
This Time, It’s Real: Affective Flexibility, Time Scales, Feedback Loops, and the Regulation of Emotion (2015, background): “Finally, rigid response modulation, most often identified as expressive suppression, has the ironic effect of making negative states persist (Butler et al., 2003).”
The effects of emotional intelligence on job performance and life satisfaction for the research and development scientists in China (2008, background): “First, ability in the appraisal and expression of emotion has been found by psychologists and sociologists to be crucial to an individual’s mental and even physical health ( Butler, Egloff, Wilhelm, Smith, Erickson, & Gross, 2003; House, Umberson & Landis, 1988; Lin, Ye & Ensel, 1999).”
Cross Cultural Variation in Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review (2017, background): “One of the pioneer studies of emotion regulation in social domain has conducted.(46) Results have indicated negative consequences of expressive suppression that in some contexts at least suppressing emotions disrupts the communication in couples.”
Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. (2009, background): “While this strategy may be adaptive in situations where it is necessary to inhibit escalation of emotions, such as anger and anxiety (Butler et al., 2003) or to maintain optimal interpersonal distance between people, thereby facilitating smooth social interaction (Clark & Taraban, 1991), there is…”