Biological Diversity of Prokaryotic Type IV Secretion Systems

By C. Alvarez-Martinez, P. Christie. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2009

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Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists (2011, background): “Other secretion systems, such as the T3SS and T4SS, are responsible for the direct delivery of bacterial proteins or DNA into the host cytoplasm and have been widely studied in the context of bacterial virulence toward higher eukaryotes (7, 129, 312).”
Structural Insight into How Bacteria Prevent Interference between Multiple Divergent Type IV Secretion Systems (2015, background): “Occurring in Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and wall-less bacteria, as well as archaea, type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are primarily utilized for translocating substrates across the cell envelope (1, 2).”
Advancing Crop Transformation in the Era of Genome Editing[OPEN] (2016, background): “Introduction of Other Biologically Active Molecules into Plant Cells Agrobacterium uses a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to deliver virulence effector proteins to plant cells (Cascales and Christie, 2004; Alvarez-Martinez and Christie, 2009).”