Evaluation of two types of bioflocs derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

By D. Kuhn, A. Lawrence, G. Boardman, S. Patnaik, L. Marsh, G. Flick. 2010

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Evaluation of Biofloc Technology Application on Water Quality and Production Performance of Red Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Cultured at Different Stocking Densities (2012, background): “With regard to tilapia lipid requirement, Lim et al. (2009) noted that optimum dietary lipid requirement of tilapia is in a range of 5-12% suggesting that the lipid content of biofloc in this study was more than sufficient.”
Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon (2013, background): “Inclusion of biofloc as a dietary ingredient in shrimp diet found to improve the growth performance of L. vannamei (Ju et al., 2008b; Kuhn et al., 2009, 2010).”
Effect of different biofloc system on water quality, biofloc composition and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) (2016, result): “The nutrient composition (Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Na, K and total phosphorus), observed in the biofloc, were similar to the nutrient composition observed by Kuhn et al. (2010).”
The Application of Single-Cell Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds—A Review (2020, background): “Various types of harvested microbial bioflocs have been produced, including those from specific pond-based production, sequencing-batch reactors, and recirculated aquaculture systems [75,76,206,207].”