The sub-energetic γ-ray burst GRB 031203 as a cosmic analogue to the nearby GRB 980425

By A. Soderberg, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, E. Berger, D. Fox, Masao Sako, D. Frail, A. Gal-yam, D. Moon, S. Cenko, S. Yost and 6 more. Nature, 2004

155 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Over the six years since the discovery of the γ-ray burst GRB 980425, which was associated with the nearby (distance ∼40 Mpc) supernova 1998bw, astronomers have debated fiercely the nature of this event. Relative to bursts located at cosmological distance (redshift z ≈ 1), GRB 980425 was under-luminous in γ-rays by three orders of magnitude. Radio calorimetry showed that the explosion was sub-energetic by a factor of 10. Here we report observations of the radio and X-ray afterglow of the recent GRB 031203 (refs 5–7), which has a redshift of z = 0.105. We demonstrate that it too is sub-energetic which, when taken together with the low γ-ray luminosity, suggests that GRB 031203 is the first cosmic analogue to GRB 980425. We find no evidence that this event was a highly collimated explosion viewed off-axis. Like GRB 980425, GRB 031203 appears to be an intrinsically sub-energetic γ-ray burst. Such sub-energetic events have faint afterglows. We expect intensive follow-up of faint bursts with smooth γ-ray light curves (common to both GRB 031203 and 980425) to reveal a large population of such events.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/477e6c3db1ebddbdbf347eb638b291fea363bda4

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Bing Zhang
2. E. Berger
3. B. Metzger
4. E. Quataert
5. Pawan Kumar
6. E. Nakar
7. T. Thompson
8. Ramesh Narayan

Citations in the corpus

• AFTERGLOW OBSERVATIONS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THE EMERGING CLASS OF HYPER-ENERGETIC EVENTS (2010, background): “The most notable exceptions were the handful of the most nearby events, including GRB980425 (Galama et al. 1998; Kulkarni et al. 1998), GRB031203 (Soderberg et al. 2004; Sazonov et al. 2004; Thomsen et al. 2004; Cobb et al. 2004; Malesani et al. 2004; Gal-Yam et al. 2004), and (post-Swift)…”
• The Ep,i–Eiso correlation in gamma-ray bursts: updated observational status, re-analysis and main implications (2006, background): “…z ∼ 0.1), in particular the strong evidence of association with a SN event (SN2003lw) and the low afterglow energy inferred from radio observations (Soderberg et al. 2004; Sazonov, Lutovinov & Sunyaev 2004), this inconsistency has been invoked as a further evidence of the existence of a class of…”
• The Proto-Magnetar Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts (2010, background): “Although XRFs share many properties with long GRBs, such as an association with massive star formation (e.g. Bloom et al. 2003; Soderberg et al. 2004, 2007), they may be distinguished from GRBs by their ability to couple a significant energy to highly relativistic material (e.g. Soderberg et al.…”
• Long-Lag, Wide-Pulse Gamma-Ray Bursts (2005, background): “…from hard X-ray and radio studies are that this burst manifested a little collimation rather than a narrow, jetlike emission pattern, and that a large population of nearby low-luminosity bursts exists with low or negligible optical afterglow emission (Soderberg et al. 2004; Sazonov et al. 2004).”
• The Afterglow, Energetics, and Host Galaxy of the Short-Hard Gamma-Ray Burst 051221a (2006, background): “With the inferred opening angle, the beaming-corrected energy of GRB051221a are similar to those of previous short bursts and comparable to the low end of the distribution for long duration events (e.g., GRB031203; Sazonov, Lutovinov & Sunyaev 2004; Soderberg et al. 2004).”
• A Cosmology-Independent Calibration of Gamma-Ray Burst Luminosity Relations and the Hubble Diagram (2008, background): “However, in the case of GRBs, the observed long-GRB rate falls off rapidly at low redshifts, and some nearby GRBs may be intrinsically different (e.g., GRB 980425, GRB 031203; Norris 2002; Soderberg et al. 2004; Guetta et al. 2004; Liang & Zhang 2006a).”
• A NEW POPULATION OF ULTRA-LONG DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS (2013, background): “…al. 2010b), these turned out to be low-redshift, low-luminosity explosions whose nature appears distinct from the bulk of cosmological GRBs (e.g., Soderberg et al. 2004, 2006; Liang et al. 2007; Chapman et al. 2007), although such events provide some of the best evidence for the association of…”
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• THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. II. TYPE I GRB VERSUS TYPE II GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS (2008, background): “…a classical Type II GRB, but also not of the subluminous Type II family, such as GRB 980425 (Galama et al. 1998), GRB 031203 (Sazonov et al. 2004; Soderberg et al. 2004; Malesani et al. 2004) and XRF 060218 (Campana et al. 2006; Pian et al. 2006; Soderberg et al. 2006b), as these GRBs, while…”
• The Supernova Gamma-Ray Burst Connection (2006, background): “Although the cosmological distance scale was well established (Bloom et al., 2003), it was not until Soderberg et al. (2004a) determined a spectroscopic redshift (z = 0.251; XRF 020903) that the energetics of any XRF was firmly determined.”
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• The Hubble Diagram to Redshift >6 from 69 Gamma-Ray Bursts (2006, background): “The general thinking is that GRB 031203 is another unusual low-luminosity event likeGRB980425 (Sazanov et al. 2004; Soderberg et al. 2004; Watson et al. 2004) for which the luminosity relations do not apply.”
• THE COSMIC RATE, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, AND INTRINSIC CORRELATIONS OF LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS (2009, background): “The same effect may also be seen for the Eiso distribution in Figure 5, where a few subluminous events in the pre-Swift sample (980425, 031203; e.g., Soderberg et al. 2004) appear to form the tail in the distribution including Swift events.”
• THE AFTERGLOW OF GRB 130427A FROM 1 TO 1016 GHz (2013, background): “…highly relativistic emission normally responsible for producing a GRB (Kaneko et al. 2007), show no evidence for collimation (Kulkarni et al. 1998; Soderberg et al. 2004, 2006), and early X-ray/UV/optical observations reveal an expanding thermal component instead of a classical optical/X-ray…”
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