Identification and characterization of ovarian cancer-initiating cells from primary human tumors.

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The therapeutic promise of the cancer stem cell concept. (2010, background): “(31), colon carcinoma (32–34), head and neck cancer (35), ovarian cancer (36), pancreatic cancer (37, 38), malignant melanoma (13), liver cancer (39), and Ewing sarcoma (40).”
Cancer stem cells: impact, heterogeneity, and uncertainty. (2012, background): “However, when Stewart et al. evaluated a large cohort of ovarian cancers, they were unable to find CD44+CD117+ cells in most ovarian cancers and the CD44+CD117+ cells they did find were depleted for tumorigenic activity (Stewart et al., 2011).”
The biology of ovarian cancer: new opportunities for translation (2009, background): “When human ovarian cancer cells are dissociated from surgical specimens, as few as 100 CD44 + CD117 + cells can establish growth as xenografts, whereas 10 5 CD44 − CD117 − cells cannot establish growth, suggesting that CD44 + CD117 + cells are cancer stem cell”
Mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer stem cells (2013, background): “In addition to a potential role in colon cancer cells, Notch proteins have been identified to be upregulated in ovarian CSCs and GIS treatment appears to sensitize ovarian CSCs to cisplatin through inhibition of Notch maintenance of MDR1 expressing CSCs [80,81].”