“Expressivity comes from within your soul”: A questionnaire study of music students' perspectives on expressivity

By Erik Lindström, Patrik Juslin, Roberto Bresin, Aaron Williamon. 2003

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Expression, Perception, and Induction of Musical Emotions: A Review and a Questionnaire Study of Everyday Listening (2004, background): “The present results are quite similar to those obtained in a study of performers (Lindström et al., 2003), the main difference being that performers appear to be much more inclined to think that music can express “personality characteristics” (89”
From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: towards a unified theory of musical emotions. (2013, background): “Further, 76% of the listeners reported that they ‘often’ perceive music as expressive of emotions (for similar data in a study of performers, see Lindström et al., 2003).”
Musical expression: an observational study of instrumental teaching (2008, background): “Few performers, listeners, or music teachers would deny that expressive skills are essential to music performance (Juslin and Laukka, 2004; Laukka, 2004; Lindström et al., 2003).”
Using music to induce emotions: Influences of musical preference and absorption (2008, background): “It appears that the expression of ‘happiness’ and ‘sadness’ is more often attributed to music than any other emotion, even in the absence of musical sound (Kreutz, 2002; Lindström et al., 2002).”