Use of artificial substrates to enhance production of freshwater herbivorous fish in pond culture

By P. Keshavanath, B. Gangadhar, T. Ramesh, J M Van Rooij, M. Beveridge, D. J. Baird, M. Verdegem, A. V. van Dam. 2001

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The potential of fish production based on periphyton (2002, background): “Generally, plastic and PVC also performed worse in terms of fish production than bamboo or tree branches (Shrestha and Knud-Hansen, 1994; Keshavanath et al., 2001b).”
Nursery of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in cages with artificial substrates: Biofilm composition and shrimp performance (2007, unknown): “When grazed, microalgae biomass from biofilm is kept in an exponential growth, delaying the effects of self shading and ageing (Keshavanath et al., 2001).”
Effects of C/N ratio and substrate addition on natural food communities in freshwater prawn monoculture ponds (2010, background): “, 2008) and (2) providing substrates for periphyton development (van Dam et al., 2002; Tidwell et al., 2000, 2002; Azim et al., 2003a,b; Keshavanath et al., 2001; Milstein et al., 2009) have been found promising to increase natural food communities in aquaculture ponds, the formermainly increasing h”
The effects of artificial substrates on freshwater pond productivity and water quality and the implications for periphyton-based aquaculture (2002, background): “…more controlled, vary from no effect (Shrestha and Knud Hansen, 1994; Faruk-ul-Islam, 1996; Azim et al., 2001a) to a 40–80% increase in fish yield in ponds with artificial substrates compared to control ponds (Ramesh et al., 1999; Wahab et al., 1999; Azim et al., 2001a; Keshavanath et al., 2001).”