Synthetic TLR Agonists Reveal Functional Differences between Human TLR7 and TLR8

By K. Gorden, K. Gorski, S. Gibson, R. Kedl, W. Kieper, Xiaohong Qiu, M. Tomai, S. Alkan, J. Vasilakos. Journal of Immunology, 2005

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Subfields: Immunology

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Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions. (2005, neutral): “They differ in other aspects, including differential expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and TLRs. Studies have demonstrated that TLR7 mRNA is expressed by both blood-derived pDCs and MDCs, whereas TLR8 mRNA is restricted to MDCs (2–6).”
Toll-like receptors in antiviral innate immunity (2013, background): “However, because both TLR7 and TLR8 respond to single-stranded viral nucleic acids, they are commonly linked together; however, there are functional differences between the two [106,107].”
Pattern Recognition Receptors and the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection (2011, background): “Furthermore, synthetic agonists specific to TLR7 or TLR8 differentially activate innate immune cells leading to distinct cytokine profiles [41].”
Mechanism of Endosomal TLR Inhibition by Antimalarial Drugs and Imidazoquinolines (2011, background): “This sheds additional light on the enigmatic activation of TLR7/8 by small molecules (31, 32).”