Neural stem cells constitutively secrete neurotrophic factors and promote extensive host axonal growth after spinal cord injury.

By P. Lu, L. Jones, Evan Y. Snyder, M. Tuszynski. Experimental Neurology, 2003

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Long-Distance Growth and Connectivity of Neural Stem Cells After Severe Spinal Cord Injury (2012, positive): “Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess survival, maturation, integration, and outgrowth of grafted neurons as previously described (Lu et al., 2003).”
Allodynia limits the usefulness of intraspinal neural stem cell grafts; directed differentiation improves outcome (2005, background): “, suggesting that the beneficial effects are mediated either by trophic support provided by astrocyte”
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplants Remyelinate and Restore Locomotion after Spinal Cord Injury (2005, background): “Nonetheless, we cannot rule out the possibility that locomotor improvement may have resulted from an uncharacterized effect of the transplant, such as neurotrophin-induced axonal sprouting (Lu et al., 2003).”
The therapeutic potential of neural stem cells (2006, background): “Embryonic, foetal and neonatal cerebellar NPCs injected into models of SCI do not differentiate into terminally differentiated neuronal cell”
BRAIN REGENERATION IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY: THE IMMUNE SIGNATURE DRIVING THERAPEUTIC PLASTICITY OF NEURAL STEM CELLS (2011, background): “For example, NPCs injected into the spinal cord after traumatic injury were shown to promote axon sprouting by secreting NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) (133).”