Processive AID-catalysed cytosine deamination on single-stranded DNA simulates somatic hypermutation

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Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain (2011, neutral): “First, AID-mediated deamination is a processive reaction (Pham et al., 2003 ).”
Mutational Processes Molding the Genomes of 21 Breast Cancers (2012, background): “Although off-target deamination by AID is likely responsible for the mutations and translocations seen in many B cell tumors (reviewed in Nussenzweig and Nussenzweig, 2010), AID is unlikely to account for the mutational signatures described here because it exhibits a strong preference for deaminatin”
Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination. (2008, background): “AID co-immunoprecipitates with RNA polymerase II in splenic B cells undergoing CSR (195).”
R-loop formation is a distinctive characteristic of unmethylated human CpG island promoters (2012, neutral): “, 2010), requires ssDNA substrates and targets transcribed loci, including R loop-forming regions (Chaudhuri et al., 2003; Pham et al., 2003; Yu et al., 2005).”
Naïve Human Antibody Libraries for Infectious Diseases (2018, background): “Therefore, SHM is active in CDR regions where these motifs are largely presented [40, 41].”
Retroviral restriction by APOBEC proteins (2004, background): “Curiously, all of these other human APOBEC-family members (except APOBEC3D–3E) encode bona fide or predicted single-deaminase-domain protein”