Update in vitamin D.

By J. Adams, M. Hewison. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2010

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The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. (2012, background): “not specific predictor of disease status (127).”
Vitamin D and Immune Function (2013, background): “Especially in the field of human immunology, the extra-renal synthesis of the active metabolite calcitriol—1,25(OH)2D—by immune cells and peripheral tissues has been proposed to have immunomodulatory properties similar to locally active cytokines [9,10].”
Vitamin D—Effects on Skeletal and Extraskeletal Health and the Need for Supplementation (2013, methodology): “As a decrease in 25(OH)D leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteoclastogenesis and an increase in bone resorption exceeding osteoblast-mediated bone formation [88], this can precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia and osteoporosis in adults [17,92,93].”
Vitamin D for Health: A Global Perspective (2013, positive): “1,2,7,19-25 This production probably depends on the availability of circulating 25(OH)D, indicating the biological importance of sufficient blood levels of this vitamin D metabolite.(2,15,26) The estimated 2000 genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by 1,25(OH)2D 2,7,17-24,26”
Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. (2011, background): “There are several tissues and cells that possess 1-OHase activity (3, 7, 12, 13).”