Deer-predator relationships: a review of recent North American studies with emphasis on mule and black-tailed deer

By W. Ballard, D. Lutz, Thomas W. Keegan, L. Carpenter, J. Devos. 2001

251 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/383a17f62aea63866e077e093a85340a7dadb935

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1. W. Ripple
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4. Ryan A. Long
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7. Kyle Knopff
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Citations in the corpus

• Demographic Response of Mule Deer to Experimental Reduction of Coyotes and Mountain Lions in Southeastern Idaho (2011, background): “In contrast, many studies have tested the effect of coyote removal on white-tailed deer mortality (Ballard et al. 2001).”
• Widespread mesopredator effects after wolf extirpation (2013, background): “…by wolves, with coyotes being absent or at low densities in wolf-dominated systems (Stenlund, 1955; Pimlott and Joslin, 1968; Berg and Chesness, 1978; Fuller and Keith, 1981; Thurber et al., 1992; O’Donoghue et al., 1997; Ballard et al., 2001; Berger and Gese, 2007; Levi and Wilmers, 2012).”
• Effect of Enhanced Nutrition on Mule Deer Population Rate of Change (2009, background): “If a population is limited by NCC and demonstrating densitydependent feedback, wildlife managers have 2 main options for improving fawn production and survival.”
• The role of American black bears and brown bears as predators on ungulates in North America (2006, background): “Though predation is an integral part of population dynamics, the effect of predation on prey populations is less clear (Ballard et al. 2001).”
• Resource Selection and Movements by Female Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus: Effects of Reproductive Stage (2009, background): “Conversely, susceptibility of neonates to predation is highest in the first few weeks following parturition (Bowyer et al. 1998, Ballard et al. 2001, Pojar & Bowden 2004).”
• MOOSE CALVING STRATEGIES IN INTERIOR MONTANE ECOSYSTEMS (2007, background): “Predation on young is often greatest during parturition and in the 1st weeks after birth (Ballard 1992; Ballard et al. 2001; Bowyer et al. 1998).”
• Can Coyotes Affect Deer Populations in Southeastern North America? (2010, unknown): “After reviewing this literature, Ballard et al. (2001) concluded that coyotes can be a significant mortality factor for deer, and Ballard et al. (1999) suggested that coyotes have replaced wolves in their role as deer predators in parts of northeastern North America, frequently taking adults during…”
• Life-History Characteristics of Mule Deer: Effects of Nutrition in a Variable Environment (2014, background): “…predation is commonly the leading proximal cause of mortality among young ungulates (Linnell et al. 1995, Singer et al. 1997, Bowyer et al. 1998b, Ballard et al. 2001), but simply identifying cause of death is of little value without characterizing the implications or underlying basis of those…”
• Influence of harvest, climate and wolf predation on Yellowstone elk, 1961‐2004 (2005, unknown): “Common perspectives include assessing kill rate (Vucetich et al. 2002), cause-specific rates of mortality among various age classes of prey (Ballard et al. 2001), and prey abundance in relation to other relevant covariates, such as predator density (Arditi and Ginzburg 1989, Messier 1994).”
• Trophic cascades involving cougar, mule deer, and black oaks in Yosemite National Park (2008, background): “Based on theoretical models of predator/prey dynamics, the overshooting of carrying capacity by ungulates would be rare or infrequent with an intact predator/prey system (Boutin, 1992; Ballard et al., 2001).”
• Cougar kill rate and prey composition in a multiprey system. (2010, background): “…will be situation-dependent, population-level predator control may not always produce the desired outcome for ungulates, and side-effects are possible, such as increased conflict with humans when average cougar age is reduced (Ballard et al. 2001, Lambert et al. 2006, Knopff and Boyce 2007).”
• Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Neonatal Mule Deer Fawns, North-Central New Mexico (2007, background): “Signs of a population being close to habitat carrying capacity include poor body condition, low natality rates, low fawn:female ratios, high utilization of available forage, and high deer densities (Ballard et al. 2001).”
• Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer (2002, background): “Others have suggested stochastic events (e.g., severe winter, drought) (Unsworth et al. 1999), hunting (McCorquodale 1999), and predation (Hatter and Janz 1994, Ballard et al. 2001), as capable of causing mule deer declines.”
• Coyote Removal, Understory Cover, and Survival of White-Tailed Deer Neonates (2014, background): “Under compensatory mortality, when one mortality source decreases another increases (Bartmann et al. 1992, Ballard et al. 2001, Heisey and Patterson 2006); neonates not depredated by coyotes would succumb to other mortality agents (e.g., bobcat predation, malnutrition, disease).”