Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease

By Yaakov Stern. Lancet Neurology, 2012

3,025 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The concept of reserve accounts for individual differences in susceptibility to age-related brain changes or Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. There is evidence that some people can tolerate more of these changes than others and still maintain function. Epidemiologic studies suggest that lifetime exposures including educational and occupational attainment, and leisure activities in late life, can increase this reserve. For example, there is a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in individuals with higher educational or occupational attainment. It is convenient to think of two types of reserve: brain reserve, which refers to actual differences in the brain itself that may increase tolerance of pathology, and cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve refers to individual differences in how tasks are performed that may allow some people to be more resilient than others. The concept of cognitive reserve holds out the promise of interventions that could slow cognitive aging or reduce the risk of dementia.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/380e7bf9d3c9b33af01eb51a475b2dfbe192a028

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Citations in the corpus

Alzheimer’s disease prevention: from risk factors to early intervention (2017, background): “Cognitive, social and intellectual activity jointly with higher education and occupational attainment have been shown to decrease risk of cognitive decline and dementia by increasing cognitive reserve, the capacity of the brain to resist the effects of neuropathological damage [27].”
Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span (2020, background): “All these scenarios have been empirically observed (see, e.g., Stern, 2006, 2009, 2012, for reviews) and can be explained without evoking the concept of cognitive reserve.”
Clinical epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease: assessing sex and gender differences (2014, neutral): “high cognitive reserve would be less likely to display the cognitive symptoms associated with dementia compared to individuals with the same pathology and low cognitive reserve.(131,132)”
What is normal in normal aging? Effects of Aging, Amyloid and Alzheimer’s Disease on the Cerebral Cortex and the Hippocampus (2014, background): “Education is an often-used proxy for cognitive reserve, which is defined as the ability to maintain cognitive function despite high levels of AD pathology (Stern et al., 1999; Stern, 2006, 2012).”
The pathobiology of vascular dementia (2013, neutral): “The level of education, a surrogate marker of cognitive reserves (Stern, 2012), is an important determinant of the expression of VCI, such that for a given level of neuropathology higher education is associated with less cognitive deficits (Zieren et al., 2013).”
Prevalence of Amyloid PET Positivity in Dementia Syndromes (2015, neutral): “APOE ε4 noncarrier 18 29 (15-50) 54 (30-77)”
Bilingualism and cognition (2014, background): “…decline more rapidly than individuals with less education and lower occupational levels and they die sooner (Amieva, Mokri, Le Goff, Meillon, JacqminGadda, Foubert-Samier, Orgogozo, Stern & Dartigues, 2014; Stern, 2012, but see Zahodne, Glymour, Sparks, Bontempo, Dixon, MacDonald & Manly, 2011).”