How is family income related to investments in children’s learning?

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2017-03 Early and Late Human Capital Investments, Borrowing Constraints, and the Family (2012, unknown): “Kaushal, Magnuson, and Waldfogel (2011) find that families in the bottom family expenditure quintile spend 3% of their total expenditures on educational enrichment items, while families in the top quintile spend 9%.”
Income Inequality and Class Divides in Parental Investments (2018, background): “Indeed, scholars have noted this correspondence and alluded to the possibility of a causal relationship between income inequality and widening class gaps in parental investment (Duncan and Murnane 2011; Kalil 2014; Kaushal et al. 2011; Kornrich and Furstenberg 2013; Park et al. 2016).”
Socioeconomic Gaps in Early Childhood Experiences (2016, background): “Participation in extracurricular activities also varies substantially across low- and high-SES children (Covay & Carbonaro, 2010; Kaushal et al., 2011).”