The Changing Active Galactic Nucleus Population

By A. Steffen, A. Barger, L. Cowie, R. Mushotzky, Y. Yang. 2003

159 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/355a0d441c1b807276c8ec53f09f27599daf054c

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The Mass Function of Active Black Holes in the Local Universe (2007, background): “…now ours, may be seen as confirmation of the suggestion, based on AGN luminosity functions, that lower-mass objects build their mass at low redshift, while the most massive BHs completed their growth at high redshift (“cosmic downsizing”; Cowie et al. 1996; Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003).”
Fueling Low-Level AGN Activity through Stochastic Accretion of Cold Gas (2006, background): “…and naturally explains the quantitative distinction (see § 6.1) between obscured fractions in local objects and (intrinsically) bright quasars (e.g., Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Hasinger 2004; Grimes, Rawlings, & Willott 2004; Zakamska et al. 2004; Simpson 2005; Zakamska et al. 2005).”
Obscured and Unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey (2004, result): “…(Lawrence 1991) in which a higher fraction of low-luminosity AGN are obscured, and might also be consistent with some studies of the X-ray background which find large numbers of low luminosity, relatively low redshift obscured AGN (Gilli et al. 2001; Gandhi & Fabian 2003; Steffen et al. 2003).”
The Cosmic Evolution of Hard X-Ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei (2004, methodology): “With the advent of the Chandra and XMM-Newton data, there have been several computations of the evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity functions with redshift (e.g., Cowie et al. 2003; Hasinger 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Ueda et al. 2003; Fiore et al. 2003).”
The Evolution of the MBH-σ Relation (2005, background): “Cosmic downsizing, the concept that black holes of larger mass formed characteristically at higher redshifts (e.g., Cowie et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003), is apparent in our P(zf jlogMBH), as the formation-redshift PDF for low-mass black holes increases strongly at low redshifts.”
TOWARD THE STANDARD POPULATION SYNTHESIS MODEL OF THE X-RAY BACKGROUND: EVOLUTION OF X-RAY LUMINOSITY AND ABSORPTION FUNCTIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI INCLUDING COMPTON-THICK POPULATIONS (2014, background): “Besides the well established anti-correlation of absorption fraction with luminosity (e.g., Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Simpson 2005), several works have reported that the fraction of absorbed AGNs increased toward higher redshift fromz = 0 to z> 1 (La Franca et al. 2005; Ballantyne et…”
CHASING HIGHLY OBSCURED QSOs IN THE COSMOS FIELD (2008, background): “…population is large at low AGN luminosities and decreases at high luminosities, as it is indeed observed (Lawrence & Elvis 1982, Ueda et al. 2003, Steffen et al. 2003, La Franca et al. 2005, Treister & Urry 2005, 2006, Maiolino et al. 2007, Hasinger 2008, Trump et al. 2008, Della Ceca et al.…”
The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z = 0–7 (2020, background): “…Lusso & Risaliti 2016) and the obscuring column density distribution of quasars (e.g., Hill et al. 1996; Simpson et al. 1999; Willott et al. 2000; Steffen et al. 2003; Ueda et al. 2003; Grimes et al. 2004; Sazonov & Revnivtsev 2004; Barger et al. 2005; Hao et al. 2005; Ueda et al. 2014) have a…”
Dust covering factor, silicate emission, and star formation in luminous QSOs (2007, result): “The eff ct has been noted in various X-ray surveys (Ueda et al., 2003; Steffen et al., 2003; La Franca et al., 2005; Akylas et al., 2006; Barger et al., 2005; Tozzi et al., 2006; Simpson, 2005), although the results have been questioned by other authors (e.g. Dwelly & Page, 2006; Treister & Urry,…”
Spitzer Power-Law Active Galactic Nucleus Candidates in the Chandra Deep Field-North (2007, background): “Stronger evidence exists for a decrease in the obscured fraction with increasing X-ray luminosity (Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Hasinger 2004; Szokoly et al. 2004; Barger et al. 2005; Treister et al. 2005; Ballantyne et al. 2006), as expected from the receding torus model (Lawrence 1991).”
A Unified, Merger-driven Model of the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes, and Galaxy Spheroids (2005, background): “…& DePoy 1996; Simpson, Rawlings, & Lacy 1999; Willott et al. 2000; Simpson & Rawlings 2000; Grimes, Rawlings, & Willott 2004) and radio-quiet (Steffen et al. 2003; Ueda et al. 2003; Hasinger 2004; Barger et al. 2005; Simpson 2005) quasars, however, have shown that the fraction of broad-line…”
Cosmological simulations of black hole growth: AGN luminosities and downsizing (2013, result): “While older studies such as Ueda et al. (2003) and Steffen et al. (2003) did not find a clear dependence of obscuration on redshift, several recent observational studies (Ballantyne et al. 2006; Gilli, Comastri & Hasinger 2007; Hasinger 2008) propose a strong evolution of the obscured AGN…”
Tracing the cosmic growth of supermassive black holes to z ∼ 3 with Herschel (2014, background): “…of NH (hydrogen column density) on the intrinsic AGN luminosity is currently well established (Lawrence 1991; Simpson 2005; Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Barger & Cowie 2005; Sazonov et al. 2007; Lusso et al. 2013), the evolution with redshift is still debated: on the one hand, a…”
Swift BAT Survey of AGNs (2007, result): “The BAT results are roughly consistent with dependence of absorption on luminosity seen previously (Ueda et al. 2003; Steffen et al. 2003; Gilli et al. 2007).”
An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function (2006, background): “…Steffen et al. 2006) and column density distributions (e.g., Hill et al. 1996; Simpson et al. 1999; Willott et al. 2000; Simpson & Rawlings 2000; Steffen et al. 2003; Ueda et al. 2003; Grimes et al. 2004; Hasinger 2004; Sazonov& Revnivtsev 2004; Barger et al. 2005; Simpson 2005; Hao et al.…”
A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation (2007, result): “These features are qualitatively consistent with observational findings both from optical and X-rays surveys (e.g. Steffen et al., 2003; Ueda et al., 2003; Heckman et al., 2004; Barger et al., 2005; Hasinger et al., 2005) that indi- c© 0000 RAS, MNRAS 000, 000–000 cate that BHs are growing in a…”
The Relationship of Hard X-Ray and Optical Line Emission in Low-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei (2005, background): “The most revolutionary possibility (Steffen et al. 2003; B05) is that these lower luminosity objects are a genuinely new type of AGN that intrinsically lacks the strong UV and optical continuum and associated broad line region that defines Type 1 AGNs.”
The incidence of obscuration in active galactic nuclei (2013, background): “…fraction of absorbed AGN, defined in different and often independent ways, appears to be lower at higher nuclear luminosities (Lawrence & Elvis 1982; Steffen et al. 2003; Ueda et al. 2003; Simpson 2005; Hasinger 2008; Bongiorno et al. 2010; Brusa et al. 2010; Burlon et al. 2011; Assef et al. 2013).”