Looking while listening: Using eye movements to monitor spoken language comprehension by infants and young children.

By Anne Fernald, R. Zangl, A. Portillo, Virginia A. Marchman. 2008

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Timing in turn-taking and its implications for processing models of language (2015, background): “Although the gaze shifts tend to occur in the gap (i.e., not in overlap with the turn preceding the floor transition), known saccade latencies for infants are c. 300 ms (Fernald et al., 2008), showing that they have often systematically detected the end of the turn before the gap.”
Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary (2013, methodology): “Speech-processing efficiency was calculated as the proportion of time the infant spent fixating the target picture out of total time spent looking at either the target or the distracter picture, within 300 to 1,800 ms of targetword onset (Fernald et al., 2008).”
SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months (2012, neutral): “Children’s real-time comprehension of familiar words was assessed at 18 and 24 months using the lookingwhile-listening (LWL) procedure (Fernald et al., 2008).”
THE DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF LIFE: THEORY, MEASUREMENT, AND POLICIES (2015, background): “They have shown how such a measure changes with age and how it relates to socioeconomic status (see Fernald et al. 2008, 2013).”