A LysM Receptor-Like Kinase Plays a Critical Role in Chitin Signaling and Fungal Resistance in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

By J. Wan, Xue-Cheng Zhang, D. Neece, Katrina M Ramonell, S. Clough, Sung-Yong Kim, M. Stacey, G. Stacey. The Plant Cell Online, 2008

791 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, is found in fungal cell walls but not in plants. Plant cells can perceive chitin fragments (chitooligosaccharides) leading to gene induction and defense responses. We identified a LysM receptor-like protein (LysM RLK1) required for chitin signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutation in this gene blocked the induction of almost all chitooligosaccharide-responsive genes and led to more susceptibility to fungal pathogens but had no effect on infection by a bacterial pathogen. Additionally, exogenously applied chitooligosaccharides enhanced resistance against both fungal and bacterial pathogens in the wild-type plants but not in the mutant. Together, our data indicate that LysM RLK1 is essential for chitin signaling in plants (likely as part of the receptor complex) and is involved in chitin-mediated plant innate immunity. The LysM RLK1-mediated chitin signaling pathway is unique, but it may share a conserved downstream pathway with the FLS2/flagellin- and EFR/EF-Tu–mediated signaling pathways. Additionally, our work suggests a possible evolutionary relationship between the chitin and Nod factor perception mechanisms due to the similarities between their potential receptors and between the signal molecules perceived by them.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/331b11f00598b550e097e71dc5bba236fbbef62d

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Citations in the corpus

• Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases integrate signaling from multiple plant immune receptors and are targeted by a Pseudomonas syringae effector. (2010, methodology): “, 1999), cerk1 (Wan et al., 2008), fls2 (Xiang et al.”
• Of PAMPs and Effectors: The Blurred PTI-ETI Dichotomy[OA] (2011, background): “In addition, a similar LysM-containing plasmamembrane receptor required for chitin-triggered immunity was identified inArabidopsis thaliana (Miya et al., 2007;Wan et al., 2008), and recent evidence suggests that it directly binds chitin fragments (Petutschnig et al., 2010; Iizasa et al., 2010).”
• The FLS2-associated kinase BIK1 directly phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RbohD to control plant immunity. (2014, background): “A major class of the plant immune receptors are the cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect conserved microbial molecular patterns, such as fungal chitin or bacterial lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, elongation factor-Tu, and flagellin, and trigger an array of def”
• Root Exudates of Legume Plants and Their Involvement in Interactions with Soil Microbes (2012, background): “In fact, Arabidopsis LysM type receptor-like kinase, which has an amino acid similarity to Nod factor receptors, was shown to be involved in the recognition of chitinoligosaccharides (Miya et al. 2007; Wan et al. 2008).”
• Plant Defense Signaling and Responses Against Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens (2016, positive): “…cytoplasmic kinase domain, which is absent in RLPs. Mutational analyses have revealed that chitin, a common PAMP of fungal necrotrophs, is specifically recognized by the lysine motifcontaining receptor-like kinases (LYKs) during PTI induction (Wan and others 2008, 2012; Ferrari and others 2003).”
• Comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus (2011, neutral): “thaliana, the chitin receptor CERK1 contains three LysM domains and binding of the chitin oligomer (GlcNAc)8 to the second LysM domain leads to dimerization and activation of defence responses (Miya et al., 2007; Wan et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2012).”
• Insights into the role of jasmonic acid-mediated defenses against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens (2012, background): “MPK4 plays an important role in the MAP kinase cascade that is induced by pathogen infection and fungal elicitors such as chitin (Wan et al., 2008).”
• Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance (2016, background): “, 2015) LysM RLK1 Essential for chitin signaling Arabidopsis Erysiphe cichoracearum (Wan et al., 2008) TaCPK2-A Activate immune and stress signaling networks Rice Blumeria graminis tritici (Geng et al.”
• Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant–pathogen interactions (2010, background): “An exception is the fungal chitin receptor CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 ( CERK1”
• LysM, a widely distributed protein motif for binding to (peptido)glycans (2008, background): “In Arabidopsis and rice the defence response against fungi is induced via the LysMcontaining receptor-like kinases CERK1, LysM RLK1 and CEBiP respectively (Kaku et al., 2006; Miya et al., 2007; Wan et al., 2008).”
• Plant Chitinases: Genetic Diversity and Physiological Roles (2012, background): “A LysM domain-containing receptor-like kinase 1 (LysM RLK1)/chitin-elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is considered critical for chitin signaling in Arabidopsis (Miya et al., 2007; Wan et al., 2008).”
• Plant pattern recognition receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. (2012, background): “In Arabidopsis, however, CERK1 is the major chitinbinding protein [22,23], and is required for chitin-induced responses [24,25].”