Shade improves coffee quality in a sub-optimal coffee-zone of Costa Rica

By R. Muschler. Agroforestry Systems, 2001

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Effects of shade on growth, production and quality of coffee (COFFEA ARABICA) in Ethiopia (2011, background): “Muschler (2001), who found comparable results, indicated that coffee bean size significantly and consistently increases even with increasing shade levels.”
Governing the coffee chain: The role of voluntary regulatory Systems (2005, background): “In addition, shade increases fruit weight and bean size, as well as improves bean appearance, acidity, and body of the brew (Muschler, 2001).”
Cytology, biochemistry and molecular changes during coffee fruit development (2006, background): “…maintenance of high hexose to sucrose ratio for a longer period in the shade plant, favoring cell division and elongation in young perisperm and endosperm tissues, this could explain the larger bean size observed for coffee plants cultivated under this condition (Muschler, 2001; Vaast et al, 2006).”