Phylogeny and classification of Pinus

By D. Gernandt, G. G. López, S. García, A. Liston. 2005

483 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We used chloroplast DNA sequences from matK and rbcL to infer the phylogeny for 101 of the approximately 111 species of Pinus (Pinaceae). At the level of subsection and above, the cpDNA tree is congruent with phylogenies based on nuclear DNA with one notable exception: cpDNA sequences from subsect. Contortae are sister to all other North American hard pines rather than occupying a more derived position in the same clade. We used the cpDNA tree plus evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology to propose a new classification for the genus. The molecular phylogenies are symmetrical at the deepest branches of the genus, allowing for the delineation of two subgenera, each with two sections that form sister groups. Within sections, clades were slightly asymmetric and sometimes ambiguously resolved. To accomodate ambiguity in some interrelationships, avoid the creation of new ranks, and retain traditional names, we recognised up to three monophyletic subsections per section. Subgenus Pinus (the diploxylon, or hard pines) is divided into the predominantly Eurasian and Mediterranean section Pinus, composed of subsections Pinus and Pinaster, and the strictly North American section Trifoliae, composed of subsections Australes, Ponderosae, and Contortae. Subgenus Strobus (the haploxylon, or soft pines) is divided into the strictly North American section Parrya, composed of subsections Cembroides, Nelsoniae, and Balfourianae, and the Eurasian and North American section Quinquefoliae, composed of subsections Gerardianae, Krempfianae, and Strobus. Mapping of ten morphological and distributional characters indicates that two were diagnostic for infrageneric taxa: the number of vascular bundles per leaf distinguishes subgenus Pinus from subgenus Strobus, and a terminal-positioned umbo on the ovulate cone scale is diagnostic of subsect. Strobus.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3269d1a2df5bb4bde4db40787fd0273cb40f939f

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Citations in the corpus

Use of Simultaneous Analyses to Guide Fossil‐Based Calibrations of Pinaceae Phylogeny (2008, unknown): “Within Pinus , the sub-generic, sectional, and subsectional relationships were identical to those in previous cpDNA studies (Gernandt et al. 2005; Eckert and Hall 2006).”
Blister rust and western forest biodiversity: ecology, values and outlook for white pines (2010, background): “(1999) and Gernandt et al. (2005), based on gene”
Una visión actual de la diversidad y distribución de los pinos de México (2016, unknown): “…Las clasificaciones recientes del género Pinus , basadas en ADN ribosomal (Liston et al ., 1999) y secuencias de ADN de cloroplastos (Krupkin et al. , 1996; Gernandt et al ., 2003; Zhang y Li, 2004; Gernandt et al ., 2005) permiten reconocer 46 especies, 3 subespecies y 22 varie-dades para México.”
DNA barcoding in land plants: evaluation of rbcL in a multigene tiered approach (2006, background): “In other groups, matK seems to have little additional variation; in the genus Pinus, for which many species displayed identical rbcL sequences, matK is also insufficiently variable to resolve species (Gernandt et al. 2005).”
Intercontinental disjunctions between eastern Asia and western North America in vascular plants highlight the biogeographic importance of the Bering land bridge from late Cretaceous to Neogene (2016, background): “21 species disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia, Europe/western Asia, eastern and western North America (Gernandt et al., 2005).”
Discordant mtDNA and cpDNA phylogenies indicate geographic speciation and reticulation as driving factors for the diversification of the genus Picea (2011, background): “…accumulated for the implication of intercontinental dispersal and geographical speciation in some closely related pines (e.g. Wang and Szmidt 1994; Gernandt et al. 2005; Syring et al. 2007), with cpDNA analysis showing examples of the migrant taxon being affected by introgression (e.g. Liston et…”