Targeting Free Radicals in Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases.

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Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications (2020, background): “The most effective free radicals are derived from molecular oxygen, such as superoxide anion (O2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyl radical (ROO⋅) and the very reactive hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), which are termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these substances are generally considered to be toxic”
Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (2024, background): “From these values, it is clear that the ascorbate monoanion AscH − can react with the tocopherol radical (α-Toc-O • ) to regenerate vitamin E (α-Toc-OH) (Poprac et al. 2017): The electromotive force Δ E for this reaction is defined as the difference in the redox potentials of the two couples: The…”
Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (2019, background): “It has been known that overproduction of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important part in the development of many chronic diseases [17].”
Recent advances in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies (2024, background): “199 In summary, oxidative stress has garnered wide-spread attention as a signi ﬁ cant factor in the pathogenesis of AD.”