Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization with a Host-Specific Microbiota

By Hachung Chung, S. J. Pamp, J. Hill, N. Surana, Sanna M. Edelman, E. Troy, Nicola C. Reading, E. Villablanca, Sen Wang, J. Mora and 5 more. Cell, 2012

1,219 citations recorded by the source corpus.

SUMMARY Gut microbial induction of host immune maturation exemplifies host-microbe mutualism. We colonized germ-free (GF) mice with mouse microbiota (MMb) or human microbiota (HMb) to determine whether small intestinal immune maturation depends on a coevolved host-specific microbiota. Gut bacterial numbers and phylum abundance were similar in MMb and HMb mice, but bacterial species differed, especially the Firmicutes. HMb mouse intestines had low levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few proliferating T cells, few dendritic cells, and low antimicrobial peptide expression–all characteristics of GF mice. Rat microbiota also failed to fully expand intestinal T cell numbers in mice. Colonizing GF or HMb mice with mouse-segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) partially restored T cell numbers, suggesting that SFB and other MMb organisms are required for full immune maturation in mice. Importantly, MMb conferred better protection against Salmonella infection than HMb. A host-specific microbiota appears to be critical for a healthy immune system.

Subfields: Dermatology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2fc76d7fc4a778fa18a6c9773be76d27b78ba2a9

How researchers see this paper

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In Dermatology

1. Shimon Sakaguchi
2. S. Mazmanian

In Infectious Diseases

1. J. Cryan
2. Ted G. Dinan
3. F. Bäckhed
4. Scott F. Gilbert
5. Martin J. Blaser
6. J. Turner
7. K. Honda
8. M. Johansson

In Molecular Biology

1. J. Cryan
2. Ted G. Dinan
3. K. Honda
4. S. Mazmanian
5. R. Stilling
6. W. D. de Vos
7. Martin J. Blaser
8. C. Belzer

Citations in the corpus

• Outer Membrane Vesicles of a Human Commensal Mediate Immune Regulation and Disease Protection (2012, background): “The dichotomy between beneficial and harmful microbes is illustrated by studies showing that gut colonization by themicrobiota inhibits infection by enteric pathogens (Chung et al., 2012).”
• Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes (2015, background): “For example, in hemipteran insects, germ-free and interspecific gut microbiota cause a decrease in survivorship and delayed development in comparison to control or conventionalized species [97,98], and mice with human gut microbiota have a global immunodeficiency including less T cell proliferation ”
• Th17 Cell Induction by Adhesion of Microbes to Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2015, neutral): “In spite of the morphological similarities of SFB isolated from various hosts, their 16S rRNA gene sequences differ, and several reports suggest that SFB have undergone host species-specific selection and adaptation (Chung et al., 2012).”
• The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota (2017, background): “Animal trials have repeatedly reported the importance of the intestinal microbiota in determining the levels of immune cells and their recruitment to various tissues (286, 314, 315) or in the development of immune tolerance (316).”
• Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice (2017, result): “Similar changes were noted in previous human-to-mouse transplant experiments (14, 15).”
• Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013, background): “Finally, immunologists are beginning to examine the possibility that, in addition to a role in pathogenesis, a principal selection pressure acting on the form and function of the adaptive immune system is the need to maintain balance among the complex, coevolved consortia that form persistent symbio”
• Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells (2013, background): “Naive CD4(1) T cells were cultured under Treg-cell-inducing condition in the absence (2) or presence (1) of butyrate.”
• Bifidobacteria or fiber protect against diet-induced microbiota-mediated colonic mucus deterioration (2017, background): “Moreover, a synthetic community of human-adapted bacterial strains in mouse models may be insufficient to provoke an adequate immune response in the mouse gut (Chung et al., 2012).”
• Dysbiosis Contributes to Arthritis Development via Activation of Autoreactive T Cells in the Intestine (2016, background): “Thus, as previously reported (28), human microbiota could not induce development of adaptive immune cells in germ-”
• Microbial genes, brain & behaviour – epigenetic regulation of the gut–brain axis (2014, background): “different in humans and a host-specific microbiota is required for proper immune system maturation (Chung et al. 2012).”
• Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics (2020, background): “The immunomodulatory effects of the gut microbiome have long been suggested [77].”
• How informative is the mouse for human gut microbiota research? (2015, background): “…as well as other responses from physiological processes in experiments using humanized gnotobiotic mice cannot be considered the same as in humans Chung et al., 2012; Eun et al., 2014; Turnbaugh et al., 2009b; Wos-Oxley et al., 2012 D is ea se M od el s & M ec ha ni sm s most of the models show…”