Characterization of Biodegradable Composite Films Prepared from Blends of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Cornstarch, and Lignocellulosic Fiber

By S. Imam, P. Cinelli, S. Gordon, E. Chiellini. 2005

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Biodegradable and Water Resistant Poly(vinyl) Alcohol (PVA)/Starch (ST)/Glycerol (GL)/Halloysite Nanotube (HNT) Nanocomposite Films for Sustainable Food Packaging (2019, background): “87% among all materials after 24 weeks in this study, which suggested that PVA had high resistance to biodegradation in soil, and this slight weight loss was associated with its typical characteristic of hydrolysability (Imam et al., 2005; Guohua et al., 2006; Kopcilova et al., 2013).”
The effect of the degree of hydrolysis of the PVA and the plasticizer concentration on the color, opacity, and thermal and mechanical properties of films based on PVA and gelatin blends (2008, methodology): “With respect to films produced by casting, the studies have involved blends of PVA with polysaccharides, such as starch (Chiellini et al., 2001a; Jayasekara et al., 2004; Iman et al., 2005; Guohua et al., 2006), gellan (Sudhamani et al.”
A Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Composites: Application and Opportunity (2015, background): “[17] observed the amount of CO2 released from the glycerol and urea had exceeded the value corresponding to 100% mineralization, indicating that these additives could be the potential carbon and nitrogen sources for the microorganisms which enhanced the mineralization capacity of the soil.”