Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice.

By Myunghoo Kim, S. Kang, Jeongho Park, M. Yanagisawa, Chang H. Kim. Gastroenterology, 2013

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Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. (2020, positive): “In another study with mice it was found that SCFA receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are required for an inflammatory response to bacterial infection and thus, a protective pro-inflammatory response (Kim et al. , 2013).”
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis (2022, background): “SCFAs by acting on signaling pathways HDAC and GPR4 can influence the function of intestinal immune T cells 3 [70,71].”
Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids, T Cells, and Inflammation (2014, background): “These GPCRs activate signaling processes such as RAS, pro- tein kinase A, PI3K, and ERK1/2 for activation of transcription factors such as ATF2 (40,47,48,58,59).”
Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases (2017, background): “cytokines, which mediates protective immune response and tissue inflammation in mice [59].”
Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses. (2016, background): “SCFAs support epithelial cell integrity, innate immune functions, and the generation of regulatory and effector T cells (Arpaia et al., 2013; Furusawa et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2013; Park et al., 2015; Sakata, 1987; Schauber et al., 2003).”