A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder

By Cecilia S. L. Lai, Simon E. Fisher, J. Hurst, F. Vargha-Khadem, A. Monaco. Nature, 2001

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Forkhead transcription factors: key players in development and metabolism. (2002, background): “Some have a nonverbal IQ close to the population average, which suggests that FOXP2 TABLE 3 Human Developmental Disorders Caused by Mutations in FOX Genes Gene Phenotype Disease transmission References FOXC1 Various developmental defects in the anterior segment of the eye; congenital glaucoma, Axenf”
Growth Models of Developmental Language Disorders (2004, positive): “There are precedents for maturational models of language acquisition, most notably that of Lenneberg (1967), a biological model ahead of its time.”
MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: structural brain abnormalities. (2002, background): “More recently, a point mutation has been identi®ed in the affected family members, which alters an invariant amino acid residue in the DNA-binding domain of a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor, encoded by the gene FOXP2 (Lai et al., 2001).”
The Evolution of Language: A Comparative Review (2005, background): “The isolation of the gene to a particular region of chromosome 7, aided by the fortuitous discovery of an unrelated individual with similar symptoms and a closely-related mutation, allowed researchers to finally isolate and sequence the FOXP2 gene (Lai et al. 2001).”