Drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

By R. Andrade, M. Lucena. New England Journal of Medicine, 2003

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Primary Hepatocytes: Current Understanding of the Regulation of Metabolic Enzymes and Transporter Proteins, and Pharmaceutical Practice for the Use of Hepatocytes in Metabolism, Enzyme Induction, Transporter, Clearance, and Hepatotoxicity Studies (2007, background): “In man, the most frequent patterns of DILI are hepatocellular (affecting hepatocytes), cholestatic (affecting the biliary system), and mixed hepatocellular/cholestatic (Lee, 2003).”
Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians (2005, background): “On the other hand, a purely cholestatic picture, with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, an increase in ALP levels and a negligible increase in aminotransferase levels, may be present in cholestatic drug reactions.(16,68) Sometimes, the same biochemical picture may be present in the late presentation of”
High concordance of drug-induced human hepatotoxicity with in vitro cytotoxicity measured in a novel cell-based model using high content screening (2006, background): “Despite the poor predictivity, there is reasonable understanding of the general pathophysiological mechanism of most drug-induced hepatotoxicities (Boelsterli 2003a, b; Jaeschke et al. 2002; Lee 2003; Xu et al. 2004).”