Community matters: Social presence and learning outcomes

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Conceptualizing and Investigating Instructor Presence in Online Learning Environments. (2015, background): “Moreover, research has demonstrated that social presence is related to students’ actual and perceived learning (Hostetter & Busch, 2013; Picciano, 2002; Richardson & Swan, 2003).”
"It's Just Nice Having a Real Teacher": Student Perceptions of Online versus Face-to-Face Instruction (2015, background): “Likewise, Hostetter and Busch (2013) suggest that students with higher levels of social presence in discussion posts had statistically significantly higher ratings on written assessment measures.”