Predicting Patterns of Grammatical Complexity Across Language Exam Task Types and Proficiency Levels

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An update on discourse functions and syntactic complexity in synchronous and asynchronous communication (2016, unknown): “(2011) for better measures that capture the complexities found in professional academic writing for the empirical study of complexity in student writing development, and the role of task types and proficiency levels (Biber et al., 2014), we need investigations that use both qualitative and quantitat”
Measuring Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing Using Fine‐Grained Clausal and Phrasal Indices (2018, methodology): “Biber et al. (2014) conducted an analysis similar to the one conducted in Biber et al. (2011), but instead of analyzing L1 reference corpora, they analyzed responses to the speaking and writing performance tasks that are part of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).”