The importance of being earnest: displayed emotions and witness credibility

By G. Kaufmann, Guri C. B. Drevland, Ellen M. Wessel, Geir Overskeid, S. Magnussen. 2003

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Motivational Bias in Criminal Investigators' Judgments of Witness Reliability (2007, background): “bility of undue influence from factors such as witnesses’ ethnicity (Lindholm, 2005), emotional expression (Kaufmann et al., 2003; Winkel & Koppelaar, 1992), and presentation mode (Landström et al.”
Dangerous decisions: A theoretical framework for understanding how judges assess credibility in the courtroom (2009, background): “Such a flat affect may be considered inconsistent with the context at hand, and interpreted as a sign of guilt, lack of remorse, or deception by decision makers (Kaufmann et al., 2003).”
Credibility of the emotional witness: A study of ratings by police investigators (2008, background): “The effects of displayed emotions on perceived credibility have now been examined in samples of lay people (Kaufmann et al. 2003), judges (Wessel et al. 2006) and police investigators (the present paper), using the same model situation.”
Dangerous decisions: the impact of first impressions of trustworthiness on the evaluation of legal evidence and defendant culpability (2010, background): “Although judges and jury members no doubt strive to maintain objectivity, they are not immune from normal human biases and may not be aware of the influences upon their decision-making (Kaufmann et al., 2003).”