Pathology associated with retained fishing hooks in blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), with implications for their conservation

By J. Borucinska, N. Kohler, L. Natanson, G. Skomal. 2002

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Enhancing catch‐and‐release science with biotelemetry (2008, background): “Other sublethal indicators can include disease and pathological changes (Steeger et al. 1994; Borucinska et al. 2002), reproductive impairments (Cooke et al. 2000) and reduced growth/ energetics (Clapp and Clark 1989).”
Evaluating the physiological and physical consequences of capture on post‐release survivorship in large pelagic fishes (2007, background): “Postmortem pathology indicated that hook retention in blue shark stomachs caused chronic systemic disease (Borucinska, Martin & Skomal 2001; Borucinska, Kohler, Natanson & Skomal 2002 ).”
Estimating the odds of survival and identifying mitigation opportunities for common bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries (2009, background): “We recognize sub-lethal capture effects increase post-hooking mortality (e.g., Borucinska et al., 2002; Davis, 2002; Horodysky and Graves, 2005).”
Shark bycatch and depredation in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery (2008, background): “…sharks are discarded alive, the declines in abundance surmised by certain authors would only be conceivable due to a climb in natural mortality, high rates of delayed mortality due to lethal consequences from hook retention (Borucinska et al. 2002), an increase in landings of the species by non-U.”