Regulation of Immune Responses by mTOR

By J. Powell, Kristen N. Pollizzi, Emily B. Heikamp, M. Horton. Annual Review of Immunology, 2011

821 citations recorded by the source corpus.

mTOR is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in integrating environmental cues in the form of growth factors, amino acids, and energy. In the study of the immune system, mTOR is emerging as a critical regulator of immune function because of its role in sensing and integrating cues from the immune microenvironment. With the greater appreciation of cellular metabolism as an important regulator of immune cell function, mTOR is proving to be a vital link between immune function and metabolism. In this review, we discuss the ability of mTOR to direct the adaptive immune response. Specifically, we focus on the role of mTOR in promoting differentiation, activation, and function in T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d00a82ab511dbd915bc323f6b5fc40944de3a70

How researchers see this paper

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In Immunology

1. Kristen E. Pauken
2. Laura M. McLane
3. M. Kurachi
4. Erika L. Pearce
5. E. Wherry
6. David M. Sabatini
7. G. Lee
8. Rafi Ahmed

In Molecular Biology

1. R. A. Saxton
2. Erika L. Pearce
3. David M. Sabatini
4. G. Lee
5. Guangping Gao
6. Wei Zhan
7. Thomas L. Gallagher
8. Jiang-Hui Wang

Citations in the corpus

• The Balance of Th17 versus Treg Cells in Autoimmunity (2018, background): “Defective mTOR activity affects the Th17/Treg cell balance by increasing the sensitivity of T cells to TGF-β, thereby rendering the cells insensitive to the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on STAT3 signaling [74].”
• mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease. (2017, background): “The immunosuppressive action of rapamycin is largely attributed to its ability to block T-cell activation, a key aspect of the adaptive immune response (reviewed in Powell et al., 2012).”
• Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between T Cell Metabolism and Function (2018, background): “In a proinflammatory environment, TCR signals along with costimulation lead to a growth phase in which T cells augment global metabolism (21, 22), a process dependent on phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signals (10, 23).”
• Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases (2024, background): “448 The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and its derivatives signi fi cantly suppressed adaptive B cell and T cell responses, allowing for better transgene expression and redosing in mouse models.”
• mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease (2017, background): “The immunosuppressive action of rapamycin is largely attributed to its ability to block T cell activation, a key aspect of the adaptive immune response (reviewed in Powell et al., 2012).”
• Bioenergetic insufficiencies due to metabolic alterations regulated by PD-1 are an early driver of CD8+ T cell exhaustion (2016, background): “Despite the advantages of rapamycin treatment for the metabolic phenotype of early Tex cells, its use is unlikely to be of overall benefit in a therapeutic setting, given its immunosuppressive effects (Powell et al., 2012).”