A Contextual Analysis of Differential Association, Social Control, and Strain Theories of Delinquency

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Why Do Adults Engage in Cyberbullying on Social Media? An Integration of Online Disinhibition and Deindividuation Effects with the Social Structure and Social Learning Model (2016, background): “Hoffmann (2003) Offline deviance Students (grades 8 through 10) Combine six types of delinquent behavior (conducted in the past year) Longitudinal study: the period for data collection lasts for two years Various delinquency Racial segregation index, percent of female-headed households, percent of…”
Family Structure, Community Context, and Adolescent Problem Behaviors (2006, background): “Recent research demonstrates that adolescents who reside in socially disorganized communities tend to be at risk of problem behaviors (Bellair and Roscigno, 2000; Beyers et al., 2003; Hoffmann, 2003; Weatherburn and Lind, 2001).”
An Examination of Differential Association and Social Control Theory (2009, background): “The theory operates on the presumption that delinquency occurs when group norms have been violated (Colvin & Pauly, 1983; Hagan, 1989; Hoffmann, 2002).”