Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter.

By G. Moore, J. Bebchuk, Ian B. Wilds, Guang Chen, Husseini K Menji. The Lancet, 2000

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The cellular neurobiology of depression (2001, background): “A follow up volumetric MRI study has demonstrated that four weeks of lithium treatment also significantly increased total gray-matter content in the human brai”
Enhancement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Lithium (2000, background): “Most recently, human studies have demonstrated that chronic lithium not only increases the levels ofN-acetylaspartate (a putative marker of neuronal viability) (Tsai and Coyle, 1995) but also increases brain gray matter volumes in MDI patients (Moore et al., 2000a,b).”
Adult neurogenesis: from precursors to network and physiology. (2005, background): “Chronic treatment with lithium can reverse the hippocampal attrition in sufferers of manicdepressive illness (MDI) and enhance the levels of Nacetylaspartate, a putative marker of neuronal viability (375, 376, 544).”
Brain on stress: How the social environment gets under the skin (2012, background): “Indeed, a few studies indicate that pharmacological treatment may reverse the decreased hippocampal volume in unipolar (111) and bipolar (112) depression, but the possible influence of concurrent cognitive behavioral therapy in these studies is unclear.”
Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group (2017, neutral): “Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36(10): 2009-2017.”