Black‐White Wage Inequality, Employment Rates, and Incarceration1

By Bruce Western, B. Pettit. American Journal of Sociology, 2005

347 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, General Health Professions, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/14219ee48a58681c96c59685da7e93724851cd9f

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Citations in the corpus

A Meta-Study of Black Male Mental Health and Well-Being (2010, background): “…distress and depressive symptoms of Black men when compared with White men (Akbar, 1996; Gibbs, 1992; Watkins, Green, Rivers, & Rowell, 2006; Western & Pettit, 2005; Williams, 2003) and Black women (C. W. Franklin & Mizell, 1995; Husaini, 1991; Kohn & Hudson, 2003) at different stages over…”
Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market: Theory and Empirics (2012, neutral): “While adding the military would somewhat reduce the racial discrepancy, including the incarcerated population would worsen it noticeably (Chandra 2000; Western and Pettit 2005).”
Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment (2009, positive): “Since the 1990s, increasing numbers of young black men have dropped out of the formal labor market, contributing to an artificial convergence of black and white wages (Western and Pettit 2005).”
Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing (2017, background): “…theory, extending the relationship between the stigma of criminal justice contact and inequality into the digital age (Becker 1963; Brayne 2014; Goffman 2014; Goffman 1963; Kohler-Hausmann 2013; Lyon 2006; Pager 2007; Rios 2011; Stuart 2016; Wakefield and Wildeman 2013; Western and Pettit 2005).”
Collateral Consequences of Punishment: A Critical Review and Path Forward (2018, background): “…( Johnson & Raphael 2009, Lee et al. 2014, Massoglia & Pridemore 2015), declining employment prospects and future earnings (Apel & Sweeten 2010, Western & Pettit 2005), the breakup of fragile families (Apel 2016, Massoglia et al. 2011, Turney 2015), reductions in civic and institutional…”
The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets. (2008, background): “Further, the findings regarding employment and wages may be in part causally related, as barriers to labor market entry will lead to a more select sample of black wage earners, reducing measured racial disparities (e.g., Western & Pettit 2005).”
An examination of the relationship between general life stress, racism-related stress, and psychological health among black men. (2007, background): “When one looks at employment rates, it is evident not only that Black men experience higher rates of unemployment but that even when they are employed, their incomes are significantly less than those of their White counterparts ( Western & Pettit, 2005 ).”
Drawing Blood from Stones: Legal Debt and Social Inequality in the Contemporary United States1 (2010, background): “For example, conviction and incarceration reduce the employment prospects and earnings of those with criminal records (Western and Beckett 1999; Pager 2003, 2005, 2007; Western and Pettit 2005; Western 2006).”
Family and Sociodemographic Predictors of School Readiness Among African American Boys in Kindergarten (2012, background): “School failure in African American males has been associated with disturbing consequences, including higher rates of incarceration and unemployment (Pettit & Western, 2004; Western & Pettit, 2005).”