Human Upf proteins target an mRNA for nonsense-mediated decay when bound downstream of a termination codon.

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How introns influence and enhance eukaryotic gene expression. (2003, background): “Consistent with the idea that the EJC is the ‘mark’ that defines the positions of exon‐exon junctions during mRNA export, tethering of a Upf2- or Upf3-MS2 fusion protein downstream of a translationtermination codon is sufficient to trigger NMD of the bound mRNA [ 64 ].”
Binding of a novel SMG-1-Upf1-eRF1-eRF3 complex (SURF) to the exon junction complex triggers Upf1 phosphorylation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. (2006, background): “Upf1, an RNA helicase (Czaplinski et al. 1995), interacts with Upf2, and Upf2, in turn, binds directly to Upf3 in S. cerevisiae (Weng et al. 1996) and in mammals (Lykke-Andersen et al. 2000; Mendell et al. 2000; Serin et al. 2001).”
Quality control of eukaryotic mRNA: safeguarding cells from abnormal mRNA function. (2007, background): “Upf3 and Upf3X, both of which are primarily nuclear (Lykke-Andersen et al. 2000; Serin et al. 2001), interact directly with Upf2 (Serin et al. 2001; Kadlec et al. 2004, 2006), which is primarily cytoplasmic and enriched along the nuclear envelope (Lykke-Andersen et al. 2000; Serin et al. 2001).”