Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity

By S. Weinberg, Laura A. Sena, Navdeep S. Chandel. Immunity, 2015

863 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Summary Mitochondria are well appreciated for their role as biosynthetic and bioenergetic organelles. In the past two decades, mitochondria have emerged as signaling organelles that contribute critical decisions about cell proliferation, death and differentiation. Mitochondria not only sustain immune cell phenotypes but also are necessary for establishing immune cell phenotype and their function. Mitochondria can rapidly switch from primarily being catabolic organelles generating ATP to anabolic organelles that generate both ATP and building blocks for macromolecule synthesis. This enables them to fulfill appropriate metabolic demands of different immune cells. Mitochondria have multiple mechanisms that allow them to activate signaling pathways in the cytosol including altering in AMP/ATP ratio, the release of ROS and TCA cycle metabolites, as well as the localization of immune regulatory proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this Review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that mitochondrial dependent signaling controls innate and adaptive immune responses.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/13bde7eb931e0d08aa2d615e101d31c6debcb3f8

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Citations in the corpus

• Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer (2017, background): “In addition, mitochondrial ROS are required not only for proximal TCR signaling, but also for the activation of multiple transcription factors necessary for optimal T-cell functions, such as NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATC1; best known as NFAT) [210, 211].”
• Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets (2023, background): “3 For example, mt-ROS are implicated in the signal transduction of in fl ammatory responses.”
• Autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in tumor immunotherapy (2022, background): “ROS suppress the formation of TCR and MHC antigen complexes in T cells, thus inhibiting immune responses.(335) What’s more, ROS scavengers is able to improve the CTLs activation by activating superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2).”
• Mitochondria and Cancer (2016, background): “Mitochondria act as signaling platforms for innate immunity (e.g., MAVS and by the release of mtDNA) (Weinberg et al., 2015; West et al., 2015).”
• Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases (2018, background): “Mitochondria are major organelles that are accountable for generation of energy through oxidative phosphorylation to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule which is crucial for cellular actions (Weinberg et al., 2015).”