Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Is a Mechanosensor on Endothelial Cells

By J. A. Florian, Jason R. Kosky, Kristy Ainslie, Z. Pang, R. Dull, J. Tarbell. Circulation Research, 2003

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Cell mechanics: integrating cell responses to mechanical stimuli. (2007, background): “The glycocalyx, an extended web of large, semiflexible, glycosylated macromolecules extending large distances up from the apical surface of the cell, can amplify the deformations due to fluid flow and focus them on the transmembrane proteins to which they are anchored and thereby transduce the shear”
Hemodynamic shear stress and the endothelium in cardiovascular pathophysiology (2008, background): “Selective cleavage of glycocalyx components, particularly the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, was found to abolish both flow-mediated endothelial nitric oxide productio”
The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization (2007, methodology): “In studies with cultured endothelial cells, Florian and colleagues [24] showed that treatment with heparitinase to specifically break down heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans results in inadequate responses to shear variations and impaired NO production.”
Effects of Disturbed Flow on Vascular Endothelium: Pathophysiological Basis and Clinical Perspectives (2011, background): “In vitro studies on ECs treated with heparinase III to specifically break down heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the glycocalyx (181) and ex vivo examinations on canine femoral arteries infused with hyaluronidase to degrade hyaluronan glycosaminoglycans in the glycocalyx (386) show significant reduct”