The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization
By S. Reitsma, D. Slaaf, H. Vink, M. V. van Zandvoort, M. O. oude Egbrink. Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, 2007
1,889 citations recorded by the source corpus.
This review aims at presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the composition and functions of the endothelial glycocalyx. The endothelial glycocalyx is a network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins, covering the endothelium luminally. Both endothelium- and plasma-derived soluble molecules integrate into this mesh. Over the past decade, insight has been gained into the role of the glycocalyx in vascular physiology and pathology, including mechanotransduction, hemostasis, signaling, and blood cell–vessel wall interactions. The contribution of the glycocalyx to diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and atherosclerosis is also reviewed. Experimental data from the micro- and macrocirculation alludes at a vasculoprotective role for the glycocalyx. Assessing this possible role of the endothelial glycocalyx requires reliable visualization of this delicate layer, which is a great challenge. An overview is given of the various ways in which the endothelial glycocalyx has been visualized up to now, including first data from two-photon microscopic imaging.
Subfields: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a07a8920ad1ce0ec058623fdce7d5fb70e72d500
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Citations in the corpus
- Vascular Endothelial Cell Biology: An Update (2019, background): “The most frequent GAG (50–90%) are heparan-sulfates (HS) [25].”
- Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis (2022, background): “The vascular endothelium is a heterogeneous monolayer formed by endothelial cells (ECs), which face the luminal side of all blood vessels, representing the first barrier for molecules, cells, or pathogens circulating in the bloodstream [1].”
- Brief update on endocytosis of nanomedicines (2019, background): “It regulates adhesion and permeability, mechanotransduction, microenvironment, and intercellular signaling [65].”
- Effects of Disturbed Flow on Vascular Endothelium: Pathophysiological Basis and Clinical Perspectives (2011, background): “These results suggest that flow patterns and associated shear stresses may play important roles in modulating glycocalyx dimensions and that endothelial glycocalyx may serve an atheroprotective function (428, 484).”
- Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy: What Is Available and What Is Yet to Come (2016, background): “Structurally, the glycocalyx is a network of mostly membrane-bound proteoglycans and some glycoproteins (Fuster and Esko, 2005; Reitsma et al., 2007).”