Indoor Office Wideband Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Channel Models at 28 and 73 GHz for Ultra-Dense 5G Wireless Networks

By George R. MacCartney, Theodore Ted S. Rappaport, Shu Sun, Sijia Deng. IEEE Access, 2015

549 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) propagation measurements were conducted in the 28- and 73-GHz frequency bands in a typical indoor office environment in downtown Brooklyn, New York, on the campus of New York University. The measurements provide large-scale path loss and temporal statistics that will be useful for ultra-dense indoor wireless networks for future mmWave bands. This paper presents the details of measurements that employed a 400 Megachips-per-second broadband sliding correlator channel sounder, using rotatable highly directional horn antennas for both co-polarized and cross-polarized antenna configurations. The measurement environment was a closed-plan in-building scenario that included a line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight corridor, a hallway, a cubicle farm, and adjacent-room communication links. Well-known and new single-frequency and multi-frequency directional and omnidirectional large-scale path loss models are presented and evaluated based on more than 14 000 directional power delay profiles acquired from unique transmitter and receiver antenna pointing angle combinations. Omnidirectional path loss models, synthesized from the directional measurements, are provided for the case of arbitrary polarization coupling, as well as for the specific cases of co-polarized and cross-polarized antenna orientations. The results show that novel large-scale path loss models provided here are simpler and more physically based compared to previous 3GPP and ITU indoor propagation models that require more model parameters and offer very little additional accuracy and lack a physical basis. Multipath time dispersion statistics for mmWave systems using directional antennas are presented for co-polarization, crosspolarization, and combined-polarization scenarios, and show that the multipath root mean square delay spread can be reduced when using transmitter and receiver antenna pointing angles that result in the strongest received power. Raw omnidirectional path loss data and closed-form optimization formulas for all path loss models are given in the Appendices.

Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/114e5eed389e6c191e0e6c5561f458a8a8af4703

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Citations in the corpus

Millimeter-Wave Communications: Physical Channel Models, Design Considerations, Antenna Constructions, and Link-Budget (2018, methodology): “co-polarization configurations should be employed for LOS environments [103], [222].”
A Survey of 5G Channel Measurements and Models (2018, background): “Rappaport’s team based on extensive mmWave channel measurements in the 28/38/60/73 GHz bands [5], [20], [54], [56], [161]–[166].”
5G: A Tutorial Overview of Standards, Trials, Challenges, Deployment, and Practice (2017, background): “Delay spreads in offices are often less than 5ns in LOS, and 10 - 50 ns in NLOS [74]–[76].”
3-D Millimeter-Wave Statistical Channel Model for 5G Wireless System Design (2016, methodology): “with the measured parameters shown in Table III and in [27].”
Wireless Communications and Applications Above 100 GHz: Opportunities and Challenges for 6G and Beyond (2019, background): “such as provided in [133] has not yet been performed for indoor sub-THz channels) [4], [132], [134], [135].”
Enabling Indoor Mobile Millimeter-wave Networks Based on Smart Reflect-arrays (2018, unknown): “Due to the narrow beamwidth of mmWave signals, the misalignment of the TX and RX antennas can significantly reduce the antenna gain, while a very small obstacle, such as a person’s arm, can effectively block the link [9]–[12].”
5G 3GPP-Like Channel Models for Outdoor Urban Microcellular and Macrocellular Environments (2016, methodology): “Three multi-frequency PL models are considered here; namely the close-in (CI) free space reference distance PL model [12], [21]–[23], the close-in free space reference distance model with frequency-dependent path loss exponent (CIF) [13], and the Alpha-Beta-Gamma (ABG) PL model [13], [24]–[26].”
Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks (2017, unknown): “(GHz) 10 Street canyon Berlin Large-scale parameters, time variance, and frequency dependence [58] Outdoor to indoor Belfort Penetration losses, delay spread, and time variation [58] 11 Urban outdoor Ishigaki Pathloss, RMS delay spread, shadow, and power delay profile [59] 15 Street canyon Helsinki ”
Overview of Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation (5G) Wireless Networks—With a Focus on Propagation Models (2017, methodology): “The only differences from UMi CI model are that the PLE in InH-office is slightly lower than that in the UMi street canyon due to more reflections and scattering in the indoor environment from walls and ceilings and waveguiding effects down hallways that increase received signal power [21].”