Overview of Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation (5G) Wireless Networks—With a Focus on Propagation Models

By Theodore Ted S. Rappaport, Yunchou Xing, George R. MacCartney, Andreas F. Molisch, Evangelos Mellios, Jian-hua Zhang. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017

1,414 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper provides an overview of the features of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems now being developed for use in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands. Early results and key concepts of 5G networks are presented, and the channel modeling efforts of many international groups for both licensed and unlicensed applications are described here. Propagation parameters and channel models for understanding mmWave propagation, such as line-of-sight (LOS) probabilities, large-scale path loss, and building penetration loss, as modeled by various standardization bodies, are compared over the 0.5–100 GHz range.

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4150de879dedde7cffa012c6a87bc43dc92230bf

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Citations in the corpus

Millimeter Wave Communication: A Comprehensive Survey (2018, background): “Recently, Rappaport et al. [34] present a comprehensive survey of mmWave radio propagation models to date.”
Stochastic Geometric Coverage Analysis in mmWave Cellular Networks With Realistic Channel and Antenna Radiation Models (2018, background): “where αj indicates the path loss exponent and βj is the path loss gain at unit distance [13], [27].”
A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges (2020, methodology): “In [5], a survey is presented based on mmWave propagation characteristics and channel modeling involving path loss, LoS probabilities, and building penetration loss and standardization.”
Massive Access for 5G and Beyond (2020, background): “Hence, for B5G wireless networks, the use of mmW and even THz bands is attractive in order to realize massive access in the frequency domain [119]-[121].”
Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks From 5G to 6G: A Survey (2021, background): “path loss, penetration loss, and shadow fading behave differently [60], [61].”
A Survey on Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Enabled UAV Communications and Networking (2021, background): “Atmospheric absorption has a peak around 60 GHz [5], [115], while rain and hail cause substantial attenuation at frequencies above 10 GHz [5], [115], [116].”
Millimeter-Wave Communications: Physical Channel Models, Design Considerations, Antenna Constructions, and Link-Budget (2018, methodology): “Each of the PL models of Figure 19 were independently used in the projects presented in Table III, which has been detailed in [189].”
Wireless Communications and Applications Above 100 GHz: Opportunities and Challenges for 6G and Beyond (2019, background): “For all mmWave frequencies where the urban cell sizes are on the order of 200 m, rain or snow attenuation can clearly be overcome with additional antenna gain (obtainable by switching in more antenna array elements) [2], [4], [6].”