Bolocam Survey for 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Emission in the c2d Legacy Clouds. I. Perseus

By M. Enoch, K. Young, J. Glenn, N. Evans II, S. Golwala, A. Sargent, P. Harvey, J. Aguirre, A. Goldin, D. Haig and 7 more. 2005

302 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We have completed a 1.1 mm continuum survey of 7.5 deg2 of the Perseus Molecular Cloud using Bolocam at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. This represents the largest millimeter or submillimeter continuum map of Perseus to date. Our map covers more than 30,000 31'' (FWHM) resolution elements to a 1 σ rms of 15 mJy beam-1. We detect a total of 122 cores above a 5 σ point-source mass detection limit of 0.18 M☉, assuming a dust temperature of TD = 10 K, 60 of which are new millimeter or submillimeter detections. The 1.1 mm mass function is consistent with a broken power law of slope α1 = 1.3 (0.5 M☉ < M < 2.5 M☉) and α2 = 2.6 (M > 2.5 M☉), similar to the local initial mass function slope (α1 = 1.6, M < 1 M☉; α2 = 2.7, M > 1 M☉). No more than 5% of the total cloud mass is contained in discrete 1.1 mm cores, which account for a total mass of 285 M☉. We suggest an extinction threshold for millimeter cores of AV ~ 5 mag, based on our calculation of the probability of finding a 1.1 mm core as a function of AV. Much of the cloud is devoid of compact millimeter emission; despite the significantly greater area covered compared to previous surveys, only 5-10 of the newly identified sources lie outside previously observed areas. The two-point correlation function confirms that dense cores in the cloud are highly structured, with significant clustering on scales as large as 2 × 105 AU. Our 1.1 mm emission survey reveals considerably denser, more compact material than maps in other column density tracers such as 13CO and AV, although the general morphologies are roughly consistent. These 1.1 mm results, especially when combined with recently acquired c2d Spitzer Legacy data, will provide a census of dense cores and protostars in Perseus and improve our understanding of the earliest stages of star formation in molecular clouds.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e8b6f7162b0e04a16b293a2ddc03fb69432d418

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Citations in the corpus

Identifying the Low-Luminosity Population of Embedded Protostars in the c2d Observations of Clouds and Cores (2007, methodology): “The surveys used for Perseus are a 1.1 mm dust continuum survey of 7.5 deg2 with Bolocam at the CSO (Enoch et al. 2006), an 850 µm dust continuum survey of 3.5 deg2 with SCUBA at the JCMT (Kirk et al. 2006), a 450 and 850 µm dust continuum survey of 3.0 deg2 with SCUBA at the JCMT (Hatchell et al. 2”
YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE GOULD BELT (2015, background): “Other submillimeter and millimeter photometry from the literature, where available from large surveys of nearby molecular clouds (Young et al. 2005, 2006; Enoch et al. 2006, 2007; Belloche et al. 2011b,a; Maury et al. 2011).”
THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY: SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND DATA REDUCTION (2010, methodology): “Note that this is a substantially more aggressive cleaning than that used in the reduction of the Bolocam observation of the Spitzer cores-to-disks fields (Enoch et al. 2006, 2007; Young et al. 2006), largely because our mean integration time per pixel was ∼seconds, whereas theirs was ∼minutes.”
PROPERTIES OF THE YOUNGEST PROTOSTARS IN PERSEUS, SERPENS, AND OPHIUCHUS (2008, methodology): “CONCLUSIONS Utilizing large-scale 1.1 mm surveys (Enoch et al. 2006; Young et al. 2006; Enoch et al. 2007) together with Spitzer IRAC and MIPS maps from the c2d Legacy program (Evans et al. 2003), we have constructed an unbiased census of deeply embedded protostars in the Perseus, Serpens, and…”
THE SPITZER c2d LEGACY RESULTS: STAR-FORMATION RATES AND EFFICIENCIES; EVOLUTION AND LIFETIMES (2008, methodology): “…Djupvik et al. (2006), Enoch et al. (2006), Enoch et al. (2007), Hatchell et al. (2005), Hatchell et al. (2007), Henning et al. (1993), Johnstone et al. (2000), Kirk et al. (2006), Meŕın et al. (2008a), Stanke et al. (2006), Tachihara et al. (2007), Wu et al. (2007), and Young et al. (2006).”
ATLASGAL - The APEX telescope large area survey of the galaxy at 870 μm (2009, methodology): “Complementary to the Spitzer “Cores to Disks” legacy project (Evans et al. 2003), Enoch et al. (2006) mapped 7.5 deg2 covering the Perseus cloud, and Young et al. (2006) mapped nearly 11 deg2 covering Ophiuchus, both using the BOLOCAM instrument at 1.1 mm.”