ReaChR: A red-shifted variant of channelrhodopsin enables deep transcranial optogenetic excitation
By John Y. Lin, P. Knutsen, Arnaud H. Muller, David Kleinfeld, Roger Tsien. Nature Neuroscience, 2013
776 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are used to optogenetically depolarize neurons. We engineered a variant of ChR, denoted red-activatable ChR (ReaChR), that is optimally excited with orange to red light (λ ∼590–630 nm) and offers improved membrane trafficking, higher photocurrents and faster kinetics compared to existing red-shifted ChRs. Red light is less scattered by tissue and is absorbed less by blood than the blue to green wavelengths that are required by other ChR variants. We used ReaChR expressed in the vibrissa motor cortex to drive spiking and vibrissa motion in awake mice when excited with red light through intact skull. Precise vibrissa movements were evoked by expressing ReaChR in the facial motor nucleus in the brainstem and illumination with red light through the external auditory canal. Thus, ReaChR enables transcranial optical activation of neurons in deep brain structures without the need to surgically thin the skull, form a transcranial window or implant optical fibers.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c00afde51c7c41bd1b7adaf3076498699703bd0
Citations in the corpus
- A suite of transgenic driver and reporter mouse lines with enhanced brain cell type targeting and functionality (2018, neutral): “These include Ai90 (with channelrhodop-sin Chronos-GFP) (Klapoetke et al., 2014), Ai133 (with an electron microscopy tag ssAPEX2tm) (Lam et al., 2015), Ai134 (with channelrhodopsin ChR2(H134R)-YFP), and Ai136 (with chan-nelrhodopsin ReaChR-YFP) (Lin et al., 2013) (Figure 2B).”
- Origins of Cell-Type-Specific Olfactory Processing in the Drosophila Mushroom Body Circuit. (2017, neutral): “Two-photon excitation effectively depolarized PNs in all the ReaChR-positive glomeruli tested (25/25 glomeruli; Figure S1C).”
- Closed-loop and activity-guided optogenetic control. (2015, neutral): “…to optogenetic inhibition. from Mattis et al., 2012; Hochbaum et al., 2014; Inoue et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2013; Yizhar et al., 2011b; Klapoetke et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2013; Akerboom et al., 2012, 2013; Chen et al., 2013c; Berndt et al., 2014; Gradinaru et al., 2010; Chuong et al., 2014).”