Sex Differences in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
By OP Soldin, Douglas C. Mattison. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2009
1,234 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Significant differences that exist between the sexes affect the prevalence, incidence and severity of a broad range of diseases and conditions. Men and women also differ in their response to drug treatment. It is therefore essential to understand these reactions in order to appropriately conduct risk assessment and to design safe and effective treatments. Even from that modest perspective, how and when we use drugs can result in unwanted and unexpected outcomes. This review summarizes the sex-based differences that impact on pharmacokinetics, and includes a general comparison of clinical pharmacology as it applies to men, women and pregnant women. Sex-related or pregnancy-induced changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, when significant, may guide changes in dosage regimen or therapeutic monitoring to increase its effectiveness or reduce potential toxicity. Given those parameters, and our knowledge of sex differences, we can derive essentially all factors necessary for therapeutic optimization.Since this is a rapidly evolving area, it is essential for the practitioner to review drug prescribing information and recent literature in order to fully understand the impact of these differences on clinical therapeutics.
Subfields: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pharmacology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0875808d87aa08bc233d309fb6792bda34253228
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
In Pharmacology
In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Citations in the corpus
- The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses (2008, background): “Antiretroviral therapies for HIV exemplify this, as various studies of these drugs have shown that women have more frequent and serious adverse events than me”
- Sex Bias in Neuroscience and Biomedical Research (2010, neutral): “7 fold greater risk of adverse reactions to medications (Gandhi et al., 2004).”
- Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. (2007, background): “Medications Sex differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs [67], as well as in mechanisms of pain and analgesia, suggest that different medications may be more effective in one sex and that side-effect profiles and side-effect tolerance may differ between men and wome”
- Sex Differences in the Expression of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (2009, background): “Sex-based differences characterize the metabolism of many drugs commonly used in humans (Gandhi et al., 2004; Anderson, 2005b; Schwartz, 2007); 6 to 7% of new drug applications that include a sex analysis show at least 40% difference in pharmacokinetics between men and women (Anderson, 2005b).”
- Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. (2013, background): “Sex differences of human CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have been investigated in only a few studies which so far do not seem to support the existence of marked sex-biased activity (Gandhi et al., 2004).”