Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer

By Carlo Maria Croce. Nature reviews genetics, 2009

3,071 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Over the past several years it has become clear that alterations in the expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes contribute to the pathogenesis of most — if not all — human malignancies. These alterations can be caused by various mechanisms, including deletions, amplifications or mutations involving miRNA loci, epigenetic silencing or the dysregulation of transcription factors that target specific miRNAs. Because malignant cells show dependence on the dysregulated expression of miRNA genes, which in turn control or are controlled by the dysregulation of multiple protein-coding oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, these small RNAs provide important opportunities for the development of future miRNA-based therapies.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/066a65dd36d95bdeff06ef703ba30b0c28397cd0

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Citations in the corpus

Changes in circulating microRNA levels associated with prostate cancer (2012, background): “Currently around 1000 human miRs have been identified and each of these may target around 1000 genes (Bartel, 2009) leading to a complex layer of control of signalling pathways important to the development or progression of cancers (Croce, 2009).”
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review (2012, positive): “…of several genes. miRNAs are major regulators of gene expression, with roles in nearly every area of cell behaviour, development and survival; therefore, it is not surprising that miRNAs are actively altered in all types of cancers (Croce, 2009), acting as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes.”
microRNA-29 can regulate expression of the long non-coding RNA gene MEG3 in hepatocellular cancer (2011, background): “Amongst the non-coding RNA, microRNAs have been extensively studied and their role in carcinogenesis has been established (Croce, 2009).”
miR-21 mediates fibrogenic activation of pulmonary fibroblasts and lung fibrosis (2010, background): “Aberrant expression of miRNAs is closely associated with initiation and progression of pathophysiologic processes including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (Thum et al., 2008; Croce, 2009; Latronico and Condorelli, 2009; Pandey et al., 2009).”
Chondrocyte Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (2015, background): “Disrupted balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins by underexpression and/or overexpression and dysregulated expression of microRNA, which regulates oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, were observed in cancer cells [6–8], resulting in overproliferation and/or dysfunctional removal of cancer cell”
Epigenetic Modifications as Therapeutic Targets (2010, background): “Expression of miRNAs is dysregulated in several diseases, including cance”
MicroRNA and cancer (2012, background): “Microarray expression data from a wide spectrum of cancer diseases have since evidenced that aberrant miRNA expression is the rule rather than the exception in cancer (Croce, 2009; Lu et al., 2005; Munker and Calin, 2011; Volinia et al., 2006).”
Identifying miRNAs, targets and functions (2012, background): “Thus, identifying miRNAs, targets and their functional regulatory networks are critical in understanding normal biological processes of miRNAs and their roles in the development of disease [14].”