Gender Characterizations in Entrepreneurship: A Multi‐Level Investigation of Sex‐Role Stereotypes about High‐Growth, Commercial, and Social Entrepreneurs*
By Vishal K. Gupta, Alice M. Wieland, D. Turban. Journal of Small Business Management, 2018
200 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The purpose of this study is to cast new light on possible gender biases in implicit theories people hold about various forms of entrepreneurial activity. Using social role theory, we delve into sex‐role stereotypes associated with high‐ and low‐growth entrepreneurship and commercial and social entrepreneurship. Predictions were tested with an experimental design using both a between‐subject design to capture group‐level stereotypes and a within‐subject design to capture individual‐level stereotypes. Findings reveal that commercial and high‐growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to men than to women and higher on agency than communality. Conversely, low‐growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to women than men, and higher on communality than agency. Social entrepreneurs are uniquely perceived as similar to both men and women, though they are also considered higher on agency than communality. Interestingly, female, but not male respondents, perceive some overlap between the feminine gender role and high‐growth and commercial entrepreneurship. Notably, those higher on modern sexism perceive less overlap between entrepreneurship and femininity. Taken together, our results suggest that commercial high‐growth entrepreneurship is most strongly male‐typed, which is likely to be problematic for women (and non‐traditional men) wanting to start growth‐oriented ventures. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Subfields: Gender Studies, Management of Technology and Innovation, Marketing
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/05b503efedef5a52b23a8d3efc10f3a0f25a4c50
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In Management of Technology and Innovation
Citations in the corpus
- Women entrepreneurship in developing economies: A gender-based growth model (2021, unknown): “Since then, several studies (e.g., Brush et al., 2010; Ettl & Welter, 2012; Gupta et al., 2019; Iakovleva et al., 2013; Ogundana et al., 2018; Wang, 2018; Welsh et al., 2018; Welsh et al., 2014) have applied its constructs in investigating women entrepreneurship, particularly in developed countries.”
- High‐Growth Women’s Entrepreneurship: Fueling Social and Economic Development (2018, background): “Gupta, Wieland, and turban (2019), along with Bendell, Sullivan, and Marvel (2019), examine how personal attributes linked to the entrepreneur are associated with growth.”