The effect of self-affirmation on perception of racism☆

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Toward a Critical Race Psychology (2013, background): “Consistent with this idea, situations that confer a sense of moral adequacy tend to neutralize identity-defensive motivations for self-enhancement and render White Americans more willing to admit the extent of racism and injustice in American society (Adams et al., 2006).”
Threatened identities and interethnic interactions (2006, result): “Consistent with this notion, Adams, Tormala, and O’Brien (2006) found that when White American and Latino participants were not provided with an opportunity to affirm the self in an important domain before answering questions about racial prejudice, Latinos perceived more prejudice against ethnic…”
Teaching About Racism: Pernicious Implications of the Standard Portrayal (2008, background): “Evidence suggests that White Americans are motivated to deny claims about racism as a means to defend against such threats (Adams, O'Brien et al, 2006; Adams, Tormala, & O'Brien, 2006 ).”
The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System (2018, background): “…examine the systemic forces involved, decontextualized information about racial inequality can lead people to engage in defensive processes that instead blame the victim (Kaiser & Miller, 2003) while protecting the self and the status quo (G. Adams et al., 2006; Lowery, Knowles & Unzueta, 2007).”