Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

By C. Heidegger, M. Berger, S. Graf, W. Zingg, P. Darmon, M. Costanza, R. Thibault, C. Pichard. The Lancet, 2013

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Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) (2009, background): “Once the provision of EN exceeds 60% of target energy requirements and continues to be advanced toward goal, PN may be discontinued.(253)”
ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019, methodology): “Some of the other studies addressing supplemental PN [126,152,153] did not show similar findings to the EPaNIC study.”
ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. (2017, background): “Two recent large-scalemulticentre studies investigatedwhether PN should be supplemented “early” (within 4 days) or “late” (after 7 days) in the event of impaired enteral tolerance [246,247] (both 1þþ).”
Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). (2009, background): “Once the provision of EN exceeds 60% of target energy requirements and continues to be advanced toward goal, PN may be discontinued.(253)”
Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness. (2013, background): “ICU length of stay, median (range), d 16 (7-80) 15.”