Synthesis of flavonols and expression of flavonol synthase genes in the developing grape berries of Shiraz and Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.)
By M. Downey, J. S. Harvey, S. Robinson. 2003
268 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Flavonols were determined in Shiraz and Chardonnay grapes throughout berry development. The predominant flavonols were quercetin-3-glycosides with trace amounts of kaempferol-3-glycosides detected in Shiraz flowers but not in developing berries. Flavonols were present in the skin of ripening grapes but were not detected in seeds or flesh. Flavonols were also present in buds, tendrils, inflorescences, anthers and leaves. The concentration of flavonols in flowers (mg/g fresh weight) was high and decreased between flowering and berry set then remained relatively constant through berry development. The total amount of flavonols in berries (mg/berry) was low until pre-veraison then increased during berry development, particularly before veraison, the onset of ripening, in Chardonnay and during ripening in Shiraz. Two cDNA fragments with homology to genes encoding the enzyme flavonol synthase (FLS) were isolated from Shiraz flowers. In the overlapping region of the two cDNAs, they had 80% sequence identity at the nucleotide level and both had high homology to FLS genes from other plants. VvFLS1 was expressed in leaves, tendrils, pedicels, buds and inflorescences as well as in developing grapes. Expression was highest between flowering and fruit set then declined, increasing again during ripening coincident with the increase in flavonols per berry. Expression of VvFLS2 was much lower than for VvFLS1 and did not change during berry development. The results indicate that two distinct periods of flavonol synthesis occur in grapes, the first around flowering and the second during ripening of the developing berries.
Subfields: Food Science, Molecular Biology, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02e17acb5c7867d164550cafd67d119a57411f4f
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Citations in the corpus
- Four specific isogenes of the anthocyanin metabolic pathway are systematically co-expressed with the red colour of grape berries (2006, background): “The production of proanthocyanidins in unpigmented tissues [30,31] could explain the expression of some flavonoid pathway genes (e.”
- Cultural Practice and Environmental Impacts on the Flavonoid Composition of Grapes and Wine: A Review of Recent Research (2006, background): “…to be a decrease in tannin extractability rather than degradation or turnover (Czochanska et al 1979, Amrani-Joutei et al. 1994, Escribano-Bailon et al. 1995, Cheynier et al. 1997b, Saint-Cricq de Gaulejac et al. 1997, de Freitas and Glories 1999, Kennedy et al. 2001, Downey et al 2003a).”
- Light-Induced Expression of a MYB Gene Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Apples1 (2006, background): “…grapevine (Shiraz) berries CT and flavonol synthesis is temporally separated from anthocyanin synthesis, or is induced by different environmental conditions, and so these pathways are also likely to be controlled by separate regulatory factors (Downey et al., 2003a, 2003b, 2004; Bogs et al., 2005).”