Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men
By D. Mozaffarian, Tao Hao, E. Rimm, W. Willett, F. B. Hu. New England Journal of Medicine, 2011
2,455 citations recorded by the source corpus.
BACKGROUND Specific dietary and other lifestyle behaviors may affect the success of the straightforward-sounding strategy “eat less and exercise more” for preventing long-term weight gain. METHODS We performed prospective investigations involving three separate cohorts that included 120,877 U.S. women and men who were free of chronic diseases and not obese at baseline, with follow-up periods from 1986 to 2006, 1991 to 2003, and 1986 to 2006. The relationships between changes in lifestyle factors and weight change were evaluated at 4-year intervals, with multivariable adjustments made for age, baseline body-mass index for each period, and all lifestyle factors simultaneously. Cohort-specific and sex-specific results were similar and were pooled with the use of an inverse-variance–weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS Within each 4-year period, participants gained an average of 3.35 lb (5th to 95th percentile, −4.1 to 12.4). On the basis of increased daily servings of individual dietary components, 4-year weight change was most strongly associated with the intake of potato chips (1.69 lb), potatoes (1.28 lb), sugar-sweetened beverages (1.00 lb), unprocessed red meats (0.95 lb), and processed meats (0.93 lb) and was inversely associated with the intake of vegetables (−0.22 lb), whole grains (−0.37 lb), fruits (−0.49 lb), nuts (−0.57 lb), and yogurt (−0.82 lb) (P≤0.005 for each comparison). Aggregate dietary changes were associated with substantial differences in weight change (3.93 lb across quintiles of dietary change). Other lifestyle factors were also independently associated with weight change (P<0.001), including physical activity (−1.76 lb across quintiles); alcohol use (0.41 lb per drink per day), smoking (new quitters, 5.17 lb; former smokers, 0.14 lb), sleep (more weight gain with <6 or >8 hours of sleep), and television watching (0.31 lb per hour per day). CONCLUSIONS Specific dietary and lifestyle factors are independently associated with long-term weight gain, with a substantial aggregate effect and implications for strategies to prevent obesity. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)
Subfields: Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01a04ab5f9a3a03d964987ddceac8480b0e064e4
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Physiology
In Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Citations in the corpus
- Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status (2020, positive): “Large cohort studies as well as limited interventional studies have linked the consumption of fermented foods with weight maintenance and decreased diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease risks (Mozaffarian et al., 2011; Díaz-López et al., 2016; Gille et al., 2018).”
- Epidemiology of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Complications (2016, positive): “31 lb).(48) Furthermore, use of an electronic device has been known to be disruptive to sleep.”
- Metabolic Consequences in Humans of Prolonged Sleep Restriction Combined with Circadian Disruption (2012, result): “In addition, our data are consistent with recent epidemiological results demonstrating that life-style factors, including habitually short sleep duration, increase the risk of weight gain over the life course (30).”
- Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates (2011, background): “They should be consumed in moderation((39)) as they have a high glycaemic index((40)) and are most commonly prepared fried.”
- Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis. (2011, methodology): “In a previous study [10], yogurt consumption was associated with the least weight gain among all the food types in our cohorts.”
- Pro v Con Debate: Role of sugar sweetened beverages in obesity Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases (2013, positive): “5 kg greater weight gain every 4 years, after adjustment for age, baseline BMI, sleep, changes in physical activity, smoking, TV watching and multiple other dietary factors (25).”
- National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences (2012, background): “Disentangling the contributions of declines in physical activity, changes in calorie consumption and composition, and other factors to the recent increases in mean BMI and overweight and obesity prevalence are currently active areas of research [13,14].”
- American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention (2002, background): “those made from the entire grain seed, are lower in caloric density than their processed (refined) grain counterparts and can contribute to maintaining energy balance.(19,150) In addition, whole grains are higher in fiber, certain vitamins, and minerals than refined grain products.”